For a U(1)-charged scalar, the Euclidean bounce for vacuum decay loses O(4) symmetry at finite charge, lowers the barrier and increases the rate, while charge rearrangement imposes a subluminal terminal velocity on the expanding bubble.
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Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
Canonical reference. 70% of citing Pith papers cite this work as background.
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70% of classified citations
abstract
Matter at high density and low temperature is expected to be a color superconductor, which is a degenerate Fermi gas of quarks with a condensate of Cooper pairs near the Fermi surface that induces color Meissner effects. At the highest densities, where the QCD coupling is weak, rigorous calculations are possible, and the ground state is a particularly symmetric state, the color-flavor locked (CFL) phase. The CFL phase is a superfluid, an electromagnetic insulator, and breaks chiral symmetry. The effective theory of the low-energy excitations in the CFL phase is known and can be used, even at more moderate densities, to describe its physical properties. At lower densities the CFL phase may be disfavored by stresses that seek to separate the Fermi surfaces of the different flavors, and comparison with the competing alternative phases, which may break translation and/or rotation invariance, is done using phenomenological models. We review the calculations that underlie these results, and then discuss transport properties of several color-superconducting phases and their consequences for signatures of color superconductivity in neutron stars.
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representative citing papers
Develops a local open EFT for non-Abelian gauge theories using dynamical color-frame variables and color-current sectors in Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, yielding nonlocal dissipative kernels and naturally incorporating hard thermal loop responses after integration.
Out-of-equilibrium superfluids in Bjorken, Gubser and FLRW flows reach hydrodynamic attractors after an initial-condition-dependent attractor time, with a novel nonlinear constant-anisotropy regime in Gubser evolution.
A new non-Hermitian chiral random matrix model exhibits color-flavor locking for three flavors and the two-flavor color-superconducting phase for two flavors in the microscopic large-N limit.
Hybrid stars with a 2SC+⟨dd⟩ quark core cool hotter than with 2SC and near CFL; with a 3P2 gap near 5×10^8 K their cooling curves pass through the observed temperatures of 3C58, Vela Jr., and Vela-like pulsars.
A first-principles FRG approach to two-flavor QCD derives low-energy constants for the pion, sigma-meson and scalar diquark without parameters beyond QCD itself, including new diquark properties for color-superconducting models.
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
Uniform MPS simulations of dense 1+1D SU(2) gauge theory find Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid infrared behavior with central charge 1, density modulations at the predicted wavenumber, and a smooth crossover in the Luttinger parameter from K~1 to K~1/2 that realizes the quarkyonic picture with coexisting q
An effective field theory for superconducting phase transitions is constructed via Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, reproducing Ginzburg-Landau equations upon truncation while showing overdamped Higgs modes and complex relaxation in holographic validation.
Proposes EIC jet-pion-electron measurements to detect and quantify short-range quark pair correlations in protons, expecting ud pairs to dominate due to diquark attraction.
NLED alters photon propagation near magnetars, producing ~10% errors in inferred radii via ray-tracing and a minimal ~350 ns travel-time delay.
Including mesonic fluctuations beyond mean field in the quark-meson-diquark model substantially modifies the phase structure, with diquark condensation dominating at strong couplings as revealed by pole masses and the Silver-Blaze property.
New phenomenological anisotropy profiles in hybrid stars, driven by superconductivity and magnetic fields, lead to enhanced masses and continuous gravitational wave emission.
In the two-flavor NJL model the wave vectors of the inhomogeneous chiral condensate and the single-plane-wave LOFF diquark condensate are never simultaneously nonzero, so the phases do not coexist.
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
Finite chemical potential splits particle and antiparticle phases in the homogeneous solution of the statistical propagator, yielding a transient interference pattern erased by damping.
Soft modes linked to the QCD critical point and two-flavor color superconductivity in the NJL model produce a pseudogap above Tc and enhance electric conductivity and dilepton rates relevant to heavy-ion collisions.
Dark matter is composed of composite quark-antiquark objects stabilized by axion domain walls, offering a unified account of dark matter and baryon asymmetry.
Neutrino light curves from neutron stars may show an enhanced peak-to-plateau ratio, a density-tracing delay, and transient spectral hardening as diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transitions on 10-50 ms timescales.
MFIR plus MSS regularization of the NJL model keeps the 2SC superconducting gap finite at large chemical potential under magnetic fields and eliminates spurious normal-phase transitions and de Haas–van Alphen artifacts.
Review of neutron star dense matter, hadron-quark phase transitions, and potential g-mode signatures in gravitational waves from multimessenger observations.
A review of spin effects, superfluidity, and magnetic fields in neutron matter and their influence on neutron-star structure, superfluid phases, and rotational dynamics.
Review summarizing the role of dense-matter equation of state, weak interactions, and r-process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron star mergers and their multimessenger observables.
citing papers explorer
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Globally Charged Vacuum Decay
For a U(1)-charged scalar, the Euclidean bounce for vacuum decay loses O(4) symmetry at finite charge, lowers the barrier and increases the rate, while charge rearrangement imposes a subluminal terminal velocity on the expanding bubble.
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Bottom-up open EFT for non-Abelian gauge theory with dynamical color environment
Develops a local open EFT for non-Abelian gauge theories using dynamical color-frame variables and color-current sectors in Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, yielding nonlocal dissipative kernels and naturally incorporating hard thermal loop responses after integration.
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Superfluids in expanding backgrounds and attractor times
Out-of-equilibrium superfluids in Bjorken, Gubser and FLRW flows reach hydrodynamic attractors after an initial-condition-dependent attractor time, with a novel nonlinear constant-anisotropy regime in Gubser evolution.
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Relativistic Cooper pairing in the microscopic limit of chiral random matrix theory
A new non-Hermitian chiral random matrix model exhibits color-flavor locking for three flavors and the two-flavor color-superconducting phase for two flavors in the microscopic large-N limit.
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Cooling of Hybrid Stars with a 2SC+$<dd>$ Phase
Hybrid stars with a 2SC+⟨dd⟩ quark core cool hotter than with 2SC and near CFL; with a 3P2 gap near 5×10^8 K their cooling curves pass through the observed temperatures of 3C58, Vela Jr., and Vela-like pulsars.
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Scalar diquarks in the QCD vacuum
A first-principles FRG approach to two-flavor QCD derives low-energy constants for the pion, sigma-meson and scalar diquark without parameters beyond QCD itself, including new diquark properties for color-superconducting models.
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Is the coexistence of strange quark stars and hadronic stars favored by astrophysical data? A Bayesian analysis
Bayesian analysis of astrophysical and laboratory data favors the two-families scenario of coexisting hadronic and strange quark stars over the one-family scenario.
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Dense $\mathrm{QC_2D_2}$ with uniform matrix product states
Uniform MPS simulations of dense 1+1D SU(2) gauge theory find Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid infrared behavior with central charge 1, density modulations at the predicted wavenumber, and a smooth crossover in the Luttinger parameter from K~1 to K~1/2 that realizes the quarkyonic picture with coexisting q
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Effective Field Theory for Superconducting Phase Transitions
An effective field theory for superconducting phase transitions is constructed via Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, reproducing Ginzburg-Landau equations upon truncation while showing overdamped Higgs modes and complex relaxation in holographic validation.
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Short-Range Correlations Between Partons in a Proton
Proposes EIC jet-pion-electron measurements to detect and quantify short-range quark pair correlations in protons, expecting ud pairs to dominate due to diquark attraction.
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Nonlinear electrodynamics in magnetars: systematic effects on radius constraints and timing analysis
NLED alters photon propagation near magnetars, producing ~10% errors in inferred radii via ray-tracing and a minimal ~350 ns travel-time delay.
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Diquark Correlators and Phase Structure in the Quark-Meson-Diquark Model beyond Mean Field
Including mesonic fluctuations beyond mean field in the quark-meson-diquark model substantially modifies the phase structure, with diquark condensation dominating at strong couplings as revealed by pole masses and the Silver-Blaze property.
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Anisotropic hybrid stars: Interplay of superconductivity and magnetic field leading to gravitational waves
New phenomenological anisotropy profiles in hybrid stars, driven by superconductivity and magnetic fields, lead to enhanced masses and continuous gravitational wave emission.
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Interplay between inhomogeneous chiral and crystalline color-superconducting phases in the two-flavor NJL model
In the two-flavor NJL model the wave vectors of the inhomogeneous chiral condensate and the single-plane-wave LOFF diquark condensate are never simultaneously nonzero, so the phases do not coexist.
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Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
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Nonequilibrium coherent effects at finite chemical potential
Finite chemical potential splits particle and antiparticle phases in the homogeneous solution of the statistical propagator, yielding a transient interference pattern erased by damping.
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Soft mode dynamics associated with QCD critical point and color superconductivity -- pseudogap, anomalous dilepton production and electric conductivity
Soft modes linked to the QCD critical point and two-flavor color superconductivity in the NJL model produce a pseudogap above Tc and enhance electric conductivity and dilepton rates relevant to heavy-ion collisions.
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QCD-driven dark matter: AQNs formation and observational tests
Dark matter is composed of composite quark-antiquark objects stabilized by axion domain walls, offering a unified account of dark matter and baryon asymmetry.
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Neutrino diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transition in Neutron Stars
Neutrino light curves from neutron stars may show an enhanced peak-to-plateau ratio, a density-tracing delay, and transient spectral hardening as diagnostics of hadron-quark phase transitions on 10-50 ms timescales.
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Dense and Cold Magnetized Quark Matter: A Review of Magnetic-Field-Independent Regularization and the Medium Separation Scheme
MFIR plus MSS regularization of the NJL model keeps the 2SC superconducting gap finite at large chemical potential under magnetic fields and eliminates spurious normal-phase transitions and de Haas–van Alphen artifacts.
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Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves
Review of neutron star dense matter, hadron-quark phase transitions, and potential g-mode signatures in gravitational waves from multimessenger observations.
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Spin effects in superfluidity, neutron matter and neutron stars
A review of spin effects, superfluidity, and magnetic fields in neutron matter and their influence on neutron-star structure, superfluid phases, and rotational dynamics.
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Nuclear Physics of Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Review summarizing the role of dense-matter equation of state, weak interactions, and r-process nucleosynthesis in binary neutron star mergers and their multimessenger observables.