For the root-of-unity XXZ chain, non-commuting transfer matrices generate an explicit Onsager algebra and duality defects obeying Z_N Tambara–Yamagami fusion rules.
Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the quantum group invariant open XXZ chain at roots of unity
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abstract
For generic values of q, all the eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the U_q sl(2)-invariant open spin-1/2 XXZ chain with finite length N can be constructed using the algebraic Bethe ansatz (ABA) formalism of Sklyanin. However, when q is a root of unity (q=exp(i pi/p) with integer p>1), the Bethe equations acquire continuous solutions, and the transfer matrix develops Jordan cells. Hence, there appear eigenvectors of two new types: eigenvectors corresponding to continuous solutions (exact complete p-strings), and generalized eigenvectors. We propose general ABA constructions for these two new types of eigenvectors. We present many explicit examples, and we construct complete sets of (generalized) eigenvectors for various values of p and N.
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cond-mat.stat-mech 1years
2026 1verdicts
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Lattice non-invertible symmetry from non-commuting transfer matrices
For the root-of-unity XXZ chain, non-commuting transfer matrices generate an explicit Onsager algebra and duality defects obeying Z_N Tambara–Yamagami fusion rules.