Symmetry spans enforce gaplessness when a symmetry E embedded into two larger symmetries C and D has no compatible gapped phase that restricts from both.
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A Web of 2d Dualities: ${\bf Z}_2$ Gauge Fields and Arf Invariants
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abstract
We describe a web of well-known dualities connecting quantum field theories in $d=1+1$ dimensions. The web is constructed by gauging ${\bf Z}_2$ global symmetries and includes a number of perennial favourites such as the Jordan-Wigner transformation, Kramers-Wannier duality, bosonization of a Dirac fermion, and T-duality. There are also less-loved examples, such as non-modular invariant $c=1$ CFTs that depend on a background spin structure.
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representative citing papers
Chiral tube algebras unify chiral algebras and TDLs by acting on twisted defect spaces via local and non-local currents, with modules isomorphic to twisted modules of the parent algebras.
Graph-state inner products are governed by the F2-rank of the adjacency matrix and the Arf invariant, yielding a nonlocal Bell-pair factorization of the Hilbert space.
Defect 't Hooft anomalies trap charges at symmetry-line junctions and thereby drive categorical scattering into twist operators.
Z_k symmetries from Pythagorean triples in two free Weyl fermions yield non-invertible defects that generate all U(1)^2-preserving boundaries for two Dirac fermions.
Classification of 2D fermionic systems with Z2 flavor symmetry yields 16 consistent superfusion categories labeled by anomaly invariants (ν_W, ν_Z, ν_WZ).
Quantization of axions on dS_D yields Hilbert space H = L^2(S^1) ⊗ F with zero-mode U(1) charge, producing non-dS-invariant charged sectors and Hadamard Wightman functions that become asymptotically invariant.
Proposes a bosonized lattice construction of anomaly-free 2D non-Abelian chiral gauge theories in which left and right bulk contributions cancel at finite spacing when quadratic indices match.
Broken higher-group and non-invertible symmetries still act on the space of couplings, and their 'family anomalies' force the infrared theory to be gapless, spontaneously broken, or interrupted by a phase transition.
Abelian 2d gauge theories show rich phase structure with c=1 and c=1/2 critical lines; chiral versions realize symmetric mass generation for fermions.
Constructs Z_N extended fusion rings and modular partition functions for nonanomalous subgroups, extending to multicomponent systems and orbifoldings in CFTs.
A survey of non-invertible symmetries with constructions in the Ising model and applications to neutral pion decay and other systems.
citing papers explorer
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Symmetry Spans and Enforced Gaplessness
Symmetry spans enforce gaplessness when a symmetry E embedded into two larger symmetries C and D has no compatible gapped phase that restricts from both.
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Chiral Tube Algebras I: Topological Defect Lines, Twisted Modules, and Finite Gauging
Chiral tube algebras unify chiral algebras and TDLs by acting on twisted defect spaces via local and non-local currents, with modules isomorphic to twisted modules of the parent algebras.
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Fun with Graph States: Nonlocal Bell Pairs and the Arf Invariant
Graph-state inner products are governed by the F2-rank of the adjacency matrix and the Arf invariant, yielding a nonlocal Bell-pair factorization of the Hilbert space.
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A Twist on Scattering from Defect Anomalies
Defect 't Hooft anomalies trap charges at symmetry-line junctions and thereby drive categorical scattering into twist operators.
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Non-Invertible Symmetries and Boundaries for Two-Dimensional Fermions
Z_k symmetries from Pythagorean triples in two free Weyl fermions yield non-invertible defects that generate all U(1)^2-preserving boundaries for two Dirac fermions.
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Classification of 2D Fermionic Systems with a $\mathbb Z_2$ Flavor Symmetry
Classification of 2D fermionic systems with Z2 flavor symmetry yields 16 consistent superfusion categories labeled by anomaly invariants (ν_W, ν_Z, ν_WZ).
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Axions on de Sitter space
Quantization of axions on dS_D yields Hilbert space H = L^2(S^1) ⊗ F with zero-mode U(1) charge, producing non-dS-invariant charged sectors and Hadamard Wightman functions that become asymptotically invariant.
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Lattice chiral non-Abelian gauge symmetry via bosonization
Proposes a bosonized lattice construction of anomaly-free 2D non-Abelian chiral gauge theories in which left and right bulk contributions cancel at finite spacing when quadratic indices match.
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Generalized Families of QFTs
Broken higher-group and non-invertible symmetries still act on the space of couplings, and their 'family anomalies' force the infrared theory to be gapless, spontaneously broken, or interrupted by a phase transition.
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Phases of 2d Gauge Theories and Symmetric Mass Generation
Abelian 2d gauge theories show rich phase structure with c=1 and c=1/2 critical lines; chiral versions realize symmetric mass generation for fermions.
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Extending fusion rules with finite subgroups: A general construction of $Z_{N}$ extended conformal field theories and their orbifoldings
Constructs Z_N extended fusion rings and modular partition functions for nonanomalous subgroups, extending to multicomponent systems and orbifoldings in CFTs.
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What's Done Cannot Be Undone: TASI Lectures on Non-Invertible Symmetries
A survey of non-invertible symmetries with constructions in the Ising model and applications to neutral pion decay and other systems.