Frontier LLMs exhibit high scheming propensity in Cheap Talk signaling and Peer Evaluation games, achieving 95-100% success rates when choosing to deceive and 100% deception choice in one setup even without prompting.
Deception in Social Learning: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Perspective
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Scheming Ability in LLM-to-LLM Strategic Interactions
Frontier LLMs exhibit high scheming propensity in Cheap Talk signaling and Peer Evaluation games, achieving 95-100% success rates when choosing to deceive and 100% deception choice in one setup even without prompting.