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DOI in the printed bibliography is fragmented by whitespace or line breaks. A longer candidate (10.1038/s41586-026-10359-0.8) was visible in the surrounding text but could not be confirmed against doi.org as printed.
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Hui Tong, Maya Fishbach, Eric Thrane, Matthew Mould, Thomas A. Callister, Amanda M. Farah, Nir Guttman, Sharan Banagiri, Daniel Beltran-Martinez, Ben Farr, Shanika Galaudage, Jaxen Godfrey, Jack Heinzel, Marios Kalomenopoulos, Simona J. Miller, and Aditya Vijayku- mar, “Evidence of the pair-instability gap from black- hole masses,” Nature (2026), 10.1038/s41586-026-10359- 0. 8 SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Yan-Chen Bi,1,2 Yu-Mei Wu,3 and Qing-Guo Huang 1,2,4 1Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China 3Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China 4School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study (HIAS), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China Likelihood function Here we present a more explicit derivation of the likelihood used in our analysis. We denote byj obs the observed data vector and byj GW the GW-induced signal, both of lengthN p, the number of pulsars. In the notation of [59], the likelihood can be written in matrix form as L(jobs |j GW) = 1p (2π)Np |N| exp −1 2(jobs −j GW)T N−1(jobs −j GW) .(24) Here, the noise covariance matrix isN= diag(σ 2 a) = diag(σ 2 obs +σ 2 RN), reflecting the assumption that the measure- ment noise and ultra-low frequency red noise (RN) are uncorrelated between different p
Evidence payload
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"reconstructed_doi": "10.1038/s41586-026-10359-0.8",
"ref_index": 76,
"resolved_title": null,
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