Frictional Drag induced in Low- Dimensional Systems by Brownian Motion of Ions in Liquid Flow

We study the frictional drag force in low-dimensional systems (2D-electron and 2D-liquid systems) mediated by a fluctuating electromagnetic field which originate from Brownian motion of ions in liquid. The analysis is focused on the [2D-system-2D-system], [2D-system-semi-infinite liquid], and [2D-system-infinite liquid] configurations. We show that for 2D-electron systems the friction drag depends linearly on the relative velocity of the free carries of charge in the different media, but for 2D-liquid systems the frictional drag depends nonlinear on the relative velocity. For 2D-systems the frictional drag force induced by liquid flow may be several orders of magnitude larger than the frictional drag induced by an electronic current.