Effect of the nature of alkali and alkaline-earth oxides on the structure and crystallization of an aluminoborosilicate glass developed to immobilize highly concentrated nuclear waste solutions

A complex rare-earth rich aluminoborosilicate glass has been proved to be a good candidate for the immobilization of new high level radioactive wastes. A simplified seven-oxides composition of this glass was selected for this study. In this system, sodium and calcium cations were supposed in other works to simulate respectively all the other alkali (R+=Li+, Rb+, Cs+) and alkaline-earth (R'2+=Sr2+, Ba2+) cations present in the complex glass composition. Moreover, neodymium or lanthanum are used here to simulate all the rare-earths and actinides occurring in waste solutions. In order to study the impact of the nature of R+ and R'2+ cations on both glass structure and melt crystallization tendency during cooling, two glass series were prepared by replacing either Na+ or Ca2+ cations in the simplified glass by respectively (Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) or (Mg2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) cations. From these substitutions, it was established that alkali ions are preferentially involved in the charge compensation of (AlO4)- entities in the glass network comparatively to alkaline-earth ions. The glass compositions containing calcium give way to the crystallization of an apatite silicate phase bearing calcium and rare-earth ions. The melt crystallization tendency during cooling strongly varies with the nature of the alkaline-earth.