Even-Odd Effects of Heisenberg Chains on Long-range Interaction and Entanglement

A strongly coupled Heisenberg chain provides an important channel for quantum communication through its many-body ground state. Yet, the nature of the effective interactions and the ability to mediate long-range entanglement differs significantly for chains of opposite parity. Here, we contrast the characters of even and odd-size chains when they are coupled to external qubits. Additional parity effects emerge in both cases, depending on the positions of the attached qubits. Some striking results include (i) the emergence of maximal entanglement and (ii) Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions for qubits attached to an even chain, and (iii) the ability of chains of either parity to mediate qubit entanglement that is undiminished by distance.