Noise and Counting Statistics of a Single Electron Emitter: Theory

We review the latest progress in understanding the fundamental noise properties of a coherent single electron emitter known as the mesoscopic capacitor. The system consists of a sub-micron cavity connected to a two-dimensional electron gas via a quantum point contact. When subject to periodic gate voltage modulations, the mesoscopic capacitor absorbs and re-emits single electrons at giga-hertz frequencies as it has been demonstrated experimentally. Recent high-frequency noise measurements have moreover allowed for a precise characterization of the device in different operating regimes. Here we discuss a simple model of the basic charge transfer processes in the mesoscopic capacitor and show how the model is capable of fully reproducing the measured high-frequency noise spectrum. We extend our analysis to the counting statistics of emitted electrons during a large number of periods which we use to discuss the accuracy of the mesoscopic capacitor as a single electron source. Finally, we consider possible applications of the mesoscopic capacitor in future experiments and identify novel pathways for further theoretical research.