Many-body approximations for atomic binding energies

We benchmark three standard approximations for the many-body problem -- the Hartree-Fock, projected Hartree-Fock, and random phase approximations -- against full numerical configuration-interaction calculations of the electronic structure of atoms, from Li through to Ne. These configuration-interaction calculations used up to $2 \times 10^8$ uncoupled basis states, equivalent to $ 10^7$ coupled basis states (configuration state functions.) Each method uses exactly the same input, i.e., the same single-particle basis and Coulomb matrix elements, so any differences are strictly due to the approximation itself. Although it consistently overestimates the ground state binding energy, the random phase approximation has the smallest overall errors; furthermore, we suggest it may be useful as a method for efficient optimization of single-particle basis functions.