Combined Flux and Anisotropy Searches Improve Sensitivity to Gamma Rays from Dark Matter

Searches for dark matter annihilation signals in the diffuse gamma-ray background are promising. We present the first comprehensive study utilizing both flux and anisotropy, using the example of a spectral line signal. Besides improving sensitivity, a combined analysis will help separately determine the particle properties of dark matter and the cosmological aspects of its clumping into halo substructure. The significance of a signal in a shot-noise-dominated anisotropy analysis increases linearly with time $t$, as opposed to $\sqrt{t}$ for a flux analysis, so a flux hint might be confirmed with an anisotropy signal. A first combined line search with Fermi-LAT would provide powerful new sensitivity; one with the proposed GAMMA-400 would be dramatically better.