Orbital-driven melting of a bosonic Mott insulator in a shaken optical lattice

In order to study the interplay between localized and dispersive orbital states in a system of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, we investigate the possibility to coherently couple the lowest two Bloch bands by means of resonant periodic forcing. Considering bosons in one dimension, it is shown that a strongly interacting Floquet system can be realized, where at every lattice site two (and only two) near-degenerate orbital states are relevant. By smoothly tuning both states into resonance we find that the system can undergo an orbital-driven Mott-insulator-to-superfluid transition. As an intriguing consequence of the kinetic frustration in the system, this transition can be either continuous or first-order, depending on parameters such as lattice depth and filling.