Temperature-driven and electrochemical-potential-driven adiabatic pumping via a quantum dot

We investigate adiabatic pumping via a single level quantum dot induced by periodic modulation of thermodynamic variables of reservoirs, i.e., temperatures and electrochemical potentials. We consider the impurity Anderson model and derive analytical formulas for coherent adiabatic charge pumping applicable to the strong dot-reservoir coupling within first-order perturbation with respect to Coulomb interaction. We show that charge pumping is induced by rectification effect due to delayed response of the quantum dot to time-dependent reservoir parameters. The presence of interaction is necessary because this delayed response rectifies charge current via Coulomb interaction. For temperature-driven charge pumping, one-way pumping is realized regardless of reservoir temperatures when an energy level of the quantum dot locates near the Fermi level. We clarify that this new feature of adiabatic pumping is caused by level broadening effect of the quantum dot due to strong dot-reservoir coupling.