Observation of 2D fermionic Mott insulators of ⁴⁰K with single-site resolution

We report on the site-resolved observation of characteristic states of the two-dimensional repulsive Fermi-Hubbard model, using ultracold $^{40}$K atoms in an optical lattice. By varying the tunneling, interaction strength, and external confinement, we realize metallic, Mott-insulating, and band-insulating states. We directly measure the local moment, which quantifies the degree of on-site magnetization, as a function of temperature and chemical potential. Entropies per particle as low as $0.99(6)\,k_B$ indicate that nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic correlations should be detectable using spin-sensitive imaging.