On Placement of Synthetic Inertia with Explicit Time-Domain Constraints

Rotational inertia is stabilizing the frequency of electric power systems against small and large disturbances, but it is also the cause for oscillations between generators. As more and more conventional generators are replaced by renewable generation with little or no inertia, the dynamics of power systems will change. It has been proposed to add synthetic inertia to the power system to counteract these changes. This paper presents an algorithm to compute the optimal placement of synthetic inertia and damping in the system with respect to explicit time-domain constraints on the rate of change of frequency, the frequency overshoot after a step disturbance, and actuation input. A case study hints that the approach delivers reliable results, and it is scalable and applicable to realistic power system models.