Stochastic energetics and thermodynamics at small scales

At very small scales, thermodynamic energy exchanges like work and heat become comparable to thermal energy of the system, which leads to unusual phenomena like the transient violations of Second Law. We explore the generic characters of such systems using the framework of Stochastic Thermodynamics and provide a preliminary overview of the basic concepts. Here we have attempted to put into simple terms some actively pursued topics like the arrow of time, effect of information gain on Second Law, explanation of origin of life using Crooks theorem and the thermodynamic uncertainty relations.