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arxiv: 1907.02307 · v1 · pith:Z5MG3AAEnew · submitted 2019-07-04 · ⚛️ physics.app-ph · cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Dynamics of the magnetoelastic phase transition and adiabatic temperature change in Mn1.3Fe0.7P0.5Si0.55

M. Fries , T. Gottschall , F. Scheibel , L. Pfeuffer , K.P. Skokov , I. Skourski , M. Acet , M. Farle
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J. Wosnitza O. Gutfleisch
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Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 08:37 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.app-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords magnetocaloric effectfirst-order phase transitionadiabatic temperature changefield sweep ratehysteresisMnFePSi alloymagnetoelastic transition
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The pith

The first-order phase transition in Mn1.3Fe0.7P0.5Si0.55 does not complete even at 20 T and cannot follow rapid magnetic field changes.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper measures the adiabatic temperature change DTad of the alloy under magnetic field sweeps ranging from 0.93 T/s to 2870 T/s. It identifies a sweep-rate independent contribution to the magnetocaloric effect that arises from partial alignment of magnetic moments in the paramagnetic region and overlaps the effect from the first-order transition. The measurements also show that the transition itself stays incomplete up to 20 T, so DTad keeps rising without saturation, and that the transition lags behind fast field changes, producing a field-dependent hysteresis in DTad.

Core claim

The adiabatic temperature change DTad exhibits a field-sweep-rate independent contribution from partial paramagnetic alignment that overlaps with the magnetocaloric effect of the first-order phase transition. The transition does not complete even in fields up to 20 T, resulting in non-saturating DTad behavior. In pulsed fields, the transition cannot follow fast changes, leading to a distinct field-dependent hysteresis in DTad.

What carries the argument

The dynamics of the magnetoelastic first-order phase transition, which controls how much of the transition contributes to DTad under different magnetic field sweep rates.

If this is right

  • DTad does not saturate with increasing field because the transition remains incomplete.
  • A rate-independent magnetocaloric contribution exists from paramagnetic moment alignment.
  • Hysteresis in DTad appears and varies with field strength once sweep rates exceed the transition's response speed.
  • The transition lag becomes visible in pulsed-field experiments but is absent at slow continuous sweeps.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • High-speed magnetic refrigeration cycles using this material would need to operate below the critical sweep rate where hysteresis onsets.
  • Similar rate limitations could appear in other first-order magnetocaloric compounds when cycled rapidly.
  • If future work isolates the transition completion field it would allow a direct test of whether 20 T is truly insufficient.

Load-bearing premise

The observed non-saturation of DTad and the rate-dependent hysteresis arise solely from the incomplete and lagging first-order transition rather than from sample inhomogeneities or instrumental effects.

What would settle it

Observation of the structural or magnetic phase fraction reaching completion above 20 T, or the disappearance of the field-dependent hysteresis when the sweep rate is reduced below the slowest rate already measured.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1907.02307 by F. Scheibel, I. Skourski, J. Wosnitza, K.P. Skokov, L. Pfeuffer, M. Acet, M. Farle, M. Fries, O. Gutfleisch, T. Gottschall.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Magnetization versus temperature for fields of 0.2, 2, 10, [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Sample temperature as a function of magnetic field in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: (a) Field-dependent ∆Tad measured in a Halbach and pulsed-field-magnet setup with a field change of 1.93 and 2 T, re￾spectivel,y and in (b) for pulsed fields of 10 T. reversible part of ∆Tad is larger for the pulsed-field setup. Measurements with a maximum field-sweep rate of 1330 Ts−1 performed in pulsed-fields of 10 T are shown in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: The irreversible adiabatic temperature change versus tem [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The adiabatic temperature change DTad of a Mn1.3Fe0.7P0.5Si0.55 Fe2P-type alloy was measured under different magnetic field-sweep rates from 0.93 Ts-1 to 2870 Ts-1. We find a field-sweep-rate independent magnetocaloric effect due to a partial alignment of magnetic moments in the paramagnetic region overlapping with the magnetocaloric effect of the first-order phase transition. Additionally, the first-order phase transition is not completed even in fields up to 20 T leading to a non-saturating behavior of DTad. Measurements in different pulsed fields reveal that the first-order phase transition cannot follow the fast field changes as previously assumed, resulting in a distinct field-dependent hysteresis in DTad.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change ΔT_ad in Mn1.3Fe0.7P0.5Si0.55 under magnetic field sweep rates from 0.93 T s^{-1} to 2870 T s^{-1}. It claims a rate-independent contribution to the magnetocaloric effect arising from partial paramagnetic moment alignment that overlaps the first-order phase transition (FOPT), an incomplete FOPT even at 20 T that produces non-saturating ΔT_ad, and a distinct field-dependent hysteresis arising because the FOPT cannot follow the fastest field changes.

Significance. If the observations are confirmed, the work would be significant for magnetocaloric research because it supplies experimental evidence that first-order magnetoelastic transitions remain incomplete at fields as high as 20 T and cannot adiabatically track pulsed fields at rates above ~10^3 T s^{-1}. Such results would directly affect the design and interpretation of high-frequency magnetic-refrigeration cycles and the use of pulsed-field techniques for characterizing these materials. The breadth of sweep rates examined is a clear experimental strength.

major comments (2)
  1. Abstract: the central claim that the FOPT remains incomplete up to 20 T (producing non-saturating ΔT_ad) is presented without any tabulated or plotted data, error bars, or sample-characterization details; without these the statistical significance and reproducibility of the non-saturation cannot be assessed.
  2. Abstract: the attribution of the observed rate-dependent hysteresis exclusively to intrinsic transition kinetics assumes that eddy-current heating, Joule heating in the pulsed-field environment, and internal thermal gradients remain negligible at 2870 T s^{-1}; no quantitative bounds or control experiments addressing these artifacts are supplied, leaving open the possibility that they reproduce the reported non-saturation and hysteresis.
minor comments (1)
  1. Abstract: the symbol DTad is written without subscript formatting; consistent use of ΔT_ad throughout would improve readability.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive evaluation of the experimental scope and significance of our work. We address the two major comments point by point below, indicating where revisions will be made.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract: the central claim that the FOPT remains incomplete up to 20 T (producing non-saturating ΔT_ad) is presented without any tabulated or plotted data, error bars, or sample-characterization details; without these the statistical significance and reproducibility of the non-saturation cannot be assessed.

    Authors: The abstract is a concise summary; the supporting data are contained in the full manuscript. Plots of ΔT_ad versus applied field up to 20 T (showing continuous increase without saturation), error bars derived from repeated measurements on the same and different samples, and sample characterization (XRD, composition analysis, and microstructure) appear in the Results section and Figures 2–4. Reproducibility across samples is stated in the text. To improve accessibility, we will revise the abstract to include a short clause directing readers to the main-text figures for the supporting data. revision: partial

  2. Referee: Abstract: the attribution of the observed rate-dependent hysteresis exclusively to intrinsic transition kinetics assumes that eddy-current heating, Joule heating in the pulsed-field environment, and internal thermal gradients remain negligible at 2870 T s^{-1}; no quantitative bounds or control experiments addressing these artifacts are supplied, leaving open the possibility that they reproduce the reported non-saturation and hysteresis.

    Authors: We agree that explicit discussion of possible artifacts is required to support the kinetic interpretation. The manuscript currently bases the attribution on the observed sweep-rate dependence and curve shapes but does not supply quantitative bounds or dedicated control experiments. In the revised manuscript we will add a paragraph (in Methods or a new subsection) containing order-of-magnitude calculations for eddy-current and Joule heating based on sample geometry, resistivity, and pulse parameters, together with an explanation of why internal thermal gradients remain small; we will also note the absence of separate control runs. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely experimental measurements

full rationale

This is an experimental paper reporting direct measurements of DTad under different field-sweep rates (0.93 to 2870 T/s) and fields up to 20 T. No derivations, models, equations, fitted parameters, or predictions are presented that could reduce to their own inputs by construction. All claims rest on observed data (non-saturating DTad, rate-dependent hysteresis) without any self-definitional steps, fitted-input predictions, or load-bearing self-citations. The work is self-contained against external benchmarks as raw experimental observation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Experimental measurement study; no free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced or required by the reported observations.

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