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Beginning a journey across the universe: the discovery of extragalactic neutrino factories

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arxiv 2207.06314 v1 pith:KVWFIR7A submitted 2022-07-13 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GA

Sara Buson , Andrea Tramacere , Leonard Pfeiffer , Lenz Oswald , Raniere de Menezes , Alessandra Azzollini , Marco Ajello This is my paper · ORCID
classification astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
keywords blazarsneutrinosastrophysicalextragalactichigh-energyneutrinosourcesacross
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Neutrinos are the most elusive particles in the Universe, capable of traveling nearly unimpeded across it. Despite the vast amount of data collected, a long standing and unsolved issue is still the association of high-energy neutrinos with the astrophysical sources that originate them. Amongst the candidate sources of neutrinos there are blazars, a class of extragalactic sources powered by supermassive black holes that feed highly relativistic jets, pointed towards the Earth. Previous studies appear controversial, with several efforts claiming a tentative link between high-energy neutrino events and individual blazars, and others putting into question such relation. In this work we show that blazars are unambiguously associated with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos at unprecedented level of confidence, i.e. chance probability of 6 x 10^{-7}. Our statistical analysis provides the observational evidence that blazars are astrophysical neutrino factories and hence, extragalactic cosmic-ray accelerators.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  1. SN 2023uqf: An Interacting Supernova Coincident with a High-Energy Neutrino

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    SN 2023uqf, a rare interacting Type Ibn supernova found coincident with neutrino IC231004A, is the first observational evidence that interacting supernovae are hadronic accelerators.

  2. An Evolving Leptonic Jet Model for Delayed Radio Flares in Neutrino Blazars

    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    TXS 0506+056's delayed radio flare is modeled as the jet running into three parsec-scale electron clouds, reproducing frequency-dependent radio peak delays.

  3. Active Galactic Nuclei as high-energy neutrino sources

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 2.5 of 10

    Review summarizing correlations between astrophysical neutrinos and gamma-ray/radio AGN, specific source associations, proposed production mechanisms, and future prospects.

  4. Supermassive black holes and their surroundings: MeV signatures

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    A review of open questions in supermassive black hole physics that argues the MeV gamma-ray band is the critical missing observational window.

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