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SIMPly add a dark photon

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arxiv 2301.04513 v2 pith:WLY7B6L7 submitted 2023-01-11 hep-ph astro-ph.CO

classification hep-phastro-ph.CO
keywords darkpionsmalladdinginteractionsmaintainphotonscale
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter, produced by the freeze-out of $3 \to 2$ interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding a dark photon to the set-up can do it all: i) maintain thermalization with the visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance the $3\to2$ interactions, thus allowing for a perturbative pion description, and iii) provide a velocity dependent self-interaction that can affect small scale structure formation. For $N_f=3$ this minimal setup is marginally excluded, as the required kinetic mixing is too small to maintain thermal equilibrium with the SM. Adding an extra dark quark opens up parameter space, and -- perhaps somewhat surprisingly -- we find that all bounds can be satisfied for dark pion masses $m_\pi \sim 250-600\,$MeV. Dropping the small scale structure requirement iii), a viable setup is reproduced for dark charges of $\alpha_d = 0.01-1$ and a dark pion mass $m_\pi \geq 30$ MeV. Late time annihilations are non-negligible making the SIMP dark pion a bit WIMPy.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Dark Neutrons as Dark Matter: Collisions in Halos and Direct Detection from Dark CP Violation

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A non-zero topological angle in a confining dark sector induces CP-violating pion-baryon couplings that naturally generate velocity-dependent dark matter self-interactions and dark electric dipole moments for direct d...

  2. NLO observables for QCD-like theories and application to pion dark matter

    hep-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    NLO chiral perturbation theory for non-degenerate two-flavor real and pseudoreal gauge theories is derived, fitted to Sp(4) lattice data, and applied to pion dark matter self-interactions.

  3. Pion dark matter in a $\theta$ vacuum: a thermal relic with sharp velocity-dependent self-interactions

    hep-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A QCD-like dark sector with a theta vacuum and a dark photon portal can simultaneously reproduce the dark matter relic abundance and produce the sharply velocity-dependent self-interactions inferred from small-scale s...

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