Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations
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The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition (FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves (GWs) within the Standard Model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array (PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.
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Cited by 2 Pith papers
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Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions
The paper derives a quantitative relationship showing that the Kerr parameter a_* of PBHs from first-order phase transitions increases with latent heat α and decreases with transition rate β, reaching typical values o...
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Primordial black holes spin from cosmological first-order phase transitions
Derives quantitative relation between PBH Kerr parameter a* and phase-transition parameters α and β, finding typical a* ~ 10^{-3} without assuming Gaussian perturbations.
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