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Pseudomagic Quantum States
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Notions of nonstabilizerness, or "magic", quantify how non-classical quantum states are in a precise sense: states exhibiting low nonstabilizerness preclude quantum advantage. We introduce 'pseudomagic' ensembles of quantum states that, despite low nonstabilizerness, are computationally indistinguishable from those with high nonstabilizerness. Previously, such computational indistinguishability has been studied with respect to entanglement, introducing the concept of pseudoentanglement. However, we demonstrate that pseudomagic neither follows from pseudoentanglement nor implies it. In terms of applications, the study of pseudomagic offers fresh insights into the theory of quantum scrambling: it uncovers states that, even though they originate from non-scrambling unitaries, remain indistinguishable from scrambled states to any physical observer. Additional applications include new lower bounds on state synthesis problems, property testing protocols, and implications for quantum cryptography. Our work is driven by the observation that only quantities measurable by a computationally bounded observer - intrinsically limited by finite-time computational constraints - hold physical significance. Ultimately, our findings suggest that nonstabilizerness is a 'hide-able' characteristic of quantum states: some states are much more magical than is apparent to a computationally bounded observer.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Magic without a phase: phase-independent stabilizer R\'enyi entropy in gluon scattering
A phase-averaged stabilizer Rényi entropy is introduced for tree-level gluon scattering, with color-independent phase-independent magic that is larger in 3→2 than 2→2 and has a soft-limit lower bound in 2→3.
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Taming Trotter Errors with Quantum Resources
Entanglement entropy bounds the variance of Trotter error downward, and magic drives the error kurtosis downward (Kur = α + βM, β<0 for large systems).
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Magic-protected entanglement and Clifford-irreducible structure in magic state space
Quantum states are classified by how much bipartite entanglement survives optimal simplification by classically easy Clifford operations, yielding a split into weakly protected T-magic and strongly protected W-magic regimes.
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Spin versus Magic: Lessons from Gluon and Graviton Scattering
For 2 to 2 scattering of massless spin-1/2 to spin-2 particles, the averaged generated magic decreases monotonically with spin, with maxima well below the two-qubit upper bound.
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Taming Trotter Errors with Quantum Resources
Higher entanglement entropy reduces variance of Trotter errors and higher magic reduces kurtosis, making error distributions more robust in quantum simulation.
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Rethinking quantum information in gravity and fields
The paper organizes important open questions in quantum gravity and quantum information into four themes without presenting new results or derivations.
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