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Anharmonic effects in nuclear recoils from sub-GeV dark matter
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Direct detection experiments are looking for nuclear recoils from scattering of sub-GeV dark matter (DM) in crystals, and have thresholds as low as ~ 10 eV or DM masses of ~ 100 MeV. Future experiments are aiming for even lower thresholds. At such low energies, the free nuclear recoil prescription breaks down, and the relevant final states are phonons in the crystal. Scattering rates into single as well as multiple phonons have already been computed for a harmonic crystal. However, crystals typically exhibit some anharmonicity, which can significantly impact scattering rates in certain kinematic regimes. In this work, we estimate the impact of anharmonic effects on scattering rates for DM in the mass range ~ 1-10 MeV, where the details of multiphonon production are most important. Using a simple model of a nucleus in a bound potential, we find that anharmonicity can modify the scattering rates by up to two orders of magnitude for DM masses of O(MeV). However, such effects are primarily present at high energies where the rates are suppressed, and thus only relevant for very large DM cross sections. We show that anharmonic effects are negligible for masses larger than ~ 10 MeV.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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A logarithmic Haar wavelet basis makes the vector space integration method practical for dark matter phonon scattering, covering the full momentum range with a single projection at sub-percent accuracy.
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In an exactly solvable 1D lattice, coherent and incoherent DM-nucleus structure factors differ only by a crystal-momentum delta function that becomes unimportant for n≥2 phonons, validating hybrid Inc+LW rate calculations.
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Halo-dependent Anharmonic Effects in Collective Excitation for Light Dark Matter Direct Detection
Expected sensitivity of phonon-based light dark matter detectors varies by a factor of 2-3 depending on which Gaia-inspired dark matter substructure is assumed, because anharmonic crystal effects depend on the dark ma...
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