Network Meta-Analysis of Time-to-Event Endpoints with Individual Participant Data using Restricted Mean Survival Time Regression

Restricted mean survival time (RMST) models have gained popularity when analyzing time-to-event outcomes because RMST models offer more straightforward interpretations of treatment effects with fewer assumptions than hazard ratios commonly estimated from Cox models. However, few network meta-analysis (NMA) methods have been developed using RMST. In this paper, we propose advanced RMST NMA models when individual participant data are available. Our models allow us to study treatment effect moderation and provide comprehensive understanding about comparative effectiveness of treatments and subgroup effects. An extensive simulation study and a real data example about treatments for patients with atrial fibrillation are presented.