Strength-dependent Transition of Graphite Under Shock Condition Resolved by First Principles

The shock strength dependent formation of diamond represents one of the most intriguing questions in graphite research. Using ab initio DFT-trained carbon GNN model, we observe a strength-dependent graphite transition under shock. The poor sliding caused by scarce sliding time under high-strength shock forms hexagonal diamond with an orientation of (001)G//(100)HD+[010]G//[010]HD; under low-strength shock, cubic diamond forms after enough sliding time, unveiling the strength-dependent graphite transition. We provide computational evidence of the strength-dependent graphite transition from first principles, clarifying the long-term shock-induced hexagonal formation and structural strength-dependent trend source.