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Accessing the gravitational form factors of the nucleon and nuclei through a massive graviton

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arxiv 2311.14470 v2 pith:2G44URJF submitted 2023-11-24 hep-ph

classification hep-ph
keywords factorsformnucleigffsgravitationalmassivenucleonaccess
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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In contrast to the electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon and nuclei that have been extensively studied in electron scattering, there is no known way to directly measure the gravitational form factors (GFFs), the off-forward hadronic matrix element of the QCD energy-momentum tensor. I suggest exploring the possibility to use massive gravitons in beyond the Standard Model and General Relativity scenarios as a means to access the GFFs of the proton and nuclei at future TeV-scale lepton-ion colliders.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Mass radius and D-term of atomic nuclei in relativistic mean field theory

    nucl-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    D-term of nuclei exhibits kinks at magic neutron numbers, showing strong sensitivity of mechanical properties to shell structure.

  2. Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.

  3. Gravitational form factors of the nucleon in the Skyrme model based on scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Skyrme model with a dilaton field attributes the proton's negative internal pressure and confining force to the gluonic scale anomaly, and reproduces the lattice QCD D(t) form factor.

  4. Mechanical properties of the $\Omega^-$ baryon from gravitational form factors

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using QCD sum rules, the authors extract seven gravitational form factors of the Omega baryon and derive its internal energy, angular momentum, pressure, shear, radii, and D-terms.

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