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arxiv: 2406.17607 · v2 · submitted 2024-06-25 · 🪐 quant-ph

Low-Crosstalk, Silicon-Fabricated Optical Waveguides for Laser Delivery to Matter Qubits

Clayton L. Craft , Nicholas J. Barton , Andrew C. Klug , Kenneth Scalzi , Ian Wildemann , Pramod Asagodu , Joseph D. Broz , Nikola L. Porto
show 25 more authors
Michael Macalik Anthony Rizzo Garrett Percevault Christopher C. Tison A. Matthew Smith Michael L. Fanto James Schneeloch Erin Sheridan Dylan Heberle Andrew Brownell Vijay S.S. Sundaram Venkatesh Deenadayalan Matthew van Niekerk Evan Manfreda-Schulz Gregory A. Howland Stefan F. Preble Daniel Coleman Gerald Leake Alin Antohe Tuan Vo Nicholas M. Fahrenkopf Todd H. Stievater Kathy-Anne Brickman-Soderberg Zachary S. Smith David Hucul
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-24 00:17 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph
keywords silicon nitride waveguidestrapped ionsoptical crosstalklaser deliverybarium ionsCMOS fabricationquantum control
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The pith

Silicon nitride waveguides fabricated in a CMOS foundry deliver laser light to eight trapped barium ions with at least 50.8 dB crosstalk suppression between adjacent outputs.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper shows that a micro-fabricated silicon nitride waveguide chip can address a chain of eight unequally spaced trapped barium ions while keeping optical crosstalk low enough for quantum operations. Crosstalk mitigation built into the design reduces the measured optical field by at least 50.8 dB between neighboring waveguide outputs near 650 nm, with comparable performance at 493 nm and 585 nm. The same chip was used with a global 493 nm laser to cool the ions and image their fluorescence. If the reduction holds at the ion positions, it removes a key barrier to scaling matter qubits by allowing precise individual control without stray light causing errors.

Core claim

The central claim is that the incorporated crosstalk mitigation techniques in the silicon nitride waveguide design achieve a reduction of the measured optical field by at least 50.8(1.3) dB between adjacent waveguide outputs near 650 nm, with similar behavior for devices at 493 nm and 585 nm, and that these outputs combined with a global 493 nm laser successfully laser-cool a chain of eight barium-138 ions whose fluorescence is imaged at 493 nm.

What carries the argument

The crosstalk mitigation techniques incorporated into the chip design for the CMOS-foundry silicon nitride waveguides.

If this is right

  • The same mitigation approach produces comparable crosstalk suppression in waveguide devices designed for 493 nm and 585 nm.
  • The 650 nm waveguide outputs together with a global 493 nm laser enable laser cooling of an eight-ion barium-138 chain.
  • The achieved crosstalk level is compatible with scalable quantum information processing using trapped ions.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Unequal ion spacing combined with the waveguide layout may permit denser qubit packing while preserving the reported isolation.
  • Standard foundry processes could allow replication of the addressing chip across many ion traps without custom fabrication.
  • The approach separates the laser delivery hardware from the ion trap electrodes, potentially simplifying integration of control optics.

Load-bearing premise

The optical power measured at the waveguide outputs accurately represents the electric-field amplitude experienced by the ions once the chip is aligned to the trap, without additional scattering or mode mismatch that would increase effective crosstalk at the ion locations.

What would settle it

A measurement of the actual electric field or gate error rates at the ion locations that shows crosstalk exceeding the reported 50 dB level after chip alignment.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2406.17607 by Alin Antohe, A. Matthew Smith, Andrew Brownell, Andrew C. Klug, Anthony Rizzo, Christopher C. Tison, Clayton L. Craft, Daniel Coleman, David Hucul, Dylan Heberle, Erin Sheridan, Evan Manfreda-Schulz, Garrett Percevault, Gerald Leake, Gregory A. Howland, Ian Wildemann, James Schneeloch, Joseph D. Broz, Kathy-Anne Brickman-Soderberg, Kenneth Scalzi, Matthew van Niekerk, Michael L. Fanto, Michael Macalik, Nicholas J. Barton, Nicholas M. Fahrenkopf, Nikola L. Porto, Pramod Asagodu, Stefan F. Preble, Todd H. Stievater, Tuan Vo, Venkatesh Deenadayalan, Vijay S.S. Sundaram, Zachary S. Smith.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Illustration of a photonic chip to deliver light to and collect light from an array of qubits. The waveguide edge couplers [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Photonic chip platform design and simulation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. Optical setup for characterizing waveguide out [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Measured photonic chip output profile using the 50 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Crosstalk measurements of waveguide outputs. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. Schematic of the trapped-ion and photonic chip setup. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_7.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Reliable control of quantum information in matter-based qubits requires precisely applied external fields, and unaccounted for spatial cross-talk of these fields between adjacent qubits leads to loss of fidelity. We report a CMOS foundry-produced, micro-fabricated silicon nitride (Si3N4) optical waveguide for addressing a chain of eight, unequally-spaced trapped barium ions with crosstalk compatible with scalable quantum information processing. The crosstalk mitigation techniques incorporated into the chip design result in a reduction of the measured optical field by at least 50.8(1.3) dB between adjacent waveguide outputs near 650 nm and similar behavior for devices designed for 493 nm and 585 nm. The waveguide outputs near 650 nm, along with a global laser near 493 nm were used to laser-cool a chain of eight barium-138 ions, and a camera imaged the resulting fluorescence at 493 nm.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports fabrication of silicon-nitride waveguides in a CMOS foundry for delivering laser light to a chain of eight unequally spaced trapped Ba-138 ions. It states that crosstalk-mitigation techniques yield a measured optical-field reduction of at least 50.8(1.3) dB between adjacent waveguide outputs near 650 nm (with analogous performance at 493 nm and 585 nm). The 650 nm waveguides, together with a global 493 nm laser, are used to laser-cool the eight-ion chain, with the resulting fluorescence imaged by camera.

Significance. If the reported output-plane suppression is shown to translate to the ion plane after trap alignment, the work would supply a foundry-compatible route to low-crosstalk individual addressing in trapped-ion arrays, directly addressing a scalability bottleneck for high-fidelity multi-qubit control.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract: the assertion that the measured crosstalk is 'compatible with scalable quantum information processing' rests on output-plane power measurements; no section quantifies additional contributions from diffraction across the ~100 µm gap, electrode scattering, or mode mismatch that could raise effective crosstalk at the ion locations.
  2. [Results (cooling demonstration)] Cooling demonstration paragraph: the experiment shows that the waveguides can address the ions for laser cooling, yet supplies no adjacent-ion fluorescence ratios or addressing-fidelity data that would bound the actual crosstalk experienced by the ions once the chip is aligned to the trap.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The uncertainty 50.8(1.3) dB is stated without accompanying methods, raw data, or error-propagation details in the text provided.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful review and constructive comments. We address each major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract: the assertion that the measured crosstalk is 'compatible with scalable quantum information processing' rests on output-plane power measurements; no section quantifies additional contributions from diffraction across the ~100 µm gap, electrode scattering, or mode mismatch that could raise effective crosstalk at the ion locations.

    Authors: We agree that the reported crosstalk values are measured at the waveguide output plane and that the manuscript provides no quantitative analysis of diffraction over the ~100 µm gap, electrode scattering, or mode mismatch. These effects could increase effective crosstalk at the ions. We will revise the abstract to qualify the compatibility claim and add a discussion section with order-of-magnitude estimates of these contributions based on the waveguide mode profiles and chip geometry. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results (cooling demonstration)] Cooling demonstration paragraph: the experiment shows that the waveguides can address the ions for laser cooling, yet supplies no adjacent-ion fluorescence ratios or addressing-fidelity data that would bound the actual crosstalk experienced by the ions once the chip is aligned to the trap.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the cooling demonstration shows the waveguides can deliver light for cooling but does not include adjacent-ion fluorescence ratios or addressing-fidelity measurements to bound crosstalk at the ion plane. The manuscript reports only output-plane suppression. We will revise the paragraph to state this limitation explicitly and note that ion-plane crosstalk quantification requires additional measurements not present in the current work. revision: partial

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: result is direct experimental measurement

full rationale

The paper reports fabrication of Si3N4 waveguides and direct measurement of optical field reduction (50.8(1.3) dB) at the chip outputs near 650 nm, with similar results at other wavelengths, followed by an ion cooling demonstration. No equations, fitted parameters, or derivations are presented that reduce the crosstalk figure to prior inputs or self-citations. The central claim is an empirical observation from power measurements, independent of any model that could introduce circularity by construction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Experimental demonstration; central claim rests on fabrication fidelity and optical alignment rather than mathematical axioms or free parameters. No invented entities or fitted constants are invoked in the abstract.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5852 in / 1135 out tokens · 20319 ms · 2026-05-24T00:17:16.909974+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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