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arxiv: 2407.11128 · v1 · pith:OTFMULFYnew · submitted 2024-07-15 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE · astro-ph.GA

X-ray and multiwavelength polarization of Mrk 501 from 2022 to 2023

Chien-Ting J. Chen (USRA/NASA MSFC) , Ioannis Liodakis , Riccardo Middei , Dawoon E. Kim , Laura Di Gesu , Alessandro Di Marco , Steven R. Ehlert , Manel Errando
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Michela Negro Svetlana G. Jorstad Alan P. Marscher Kinwah Wu Iv\'an Agudo Juri Poutanen Tsunefumi Mizuno Pouya M. Kouch Elina Lindfors George A. Borman Tatiana S. Grishina Evgenia N. Kopatskaya Elena G. Larionova Daria A. Morozova Sergey S. Savchenko Ivan S. Troitsky Yulia V. Troitskaya Andrey A. Vasilyev Alexey V. Zhovtan Francisco Jos\'e Aceituno Giacomo Bonnoli V\'ictor Casanova Juan Escudero Beatriz Ag\'is-Gonz\'alez C\'esar Husillos Jorge Otero Santos Alfredo Sota Vilppu Piirola Ioannis Myserlis Emmanouil Angelakis Alexander Kraus Mark Gurwell Garrett Keating Ramprasad Rao Sincheol Kang Sang-Sung Lee Sang-Hyun Kim Whee Yeon Cheong Hyeon-Woo Jeong Chanwoo Song Andrei V. Berdyugin Masato Kagitani Vadim Kravtsov Anagha P. Nitindala Takeshi Sakanoi Ryo Imazawa Mahito Sasada Yasushi Fukazawa Koji S. Kawabata Makoto Uemura Tatsuya Nakaoka Hiroshi Akitaya Carolina Casadio Albrecht Sievers Lucio Angelo Antonelli Matteo Bachetti Luca Baldini Wayne H. Baumgartner Ronaldo Bellazzini Stefano Bianchi Stephen D. Bongiorno Raffaella Bonino Alessandro Brez Niccol\'o Bucciantini Fiamma Capitanio Simone Castellano Elisabetta Cavazzuti Stefano Ciprini Enrico Costa Alessandra De Rosa Ettore Del Monte Niccol\'o Di Lalla Immacolata Donnarumma Victor Doroshenko Michal Dov\v{c}iak Teruaki Enoto Yuri Evangelista Sergio Fabiani Riccardo Ferrazzoli Javier A. Garcia Shuichi Gunji Kiyoshi Hayashida Jeremy Heyl Wataru Iwakiri Philip Kaaret Vladimir Karas Fabian Kislat Takao Kitaguchi Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak Henric Krawczynski Fabio La Monaca Luca Latronico Simone Maldera Alberto Manfreda Fr\'ed\'eric Marin Andrea Marinucci Herman L. Marshall Francesco Massaro Giorgio Matt Ikuyuki Mitsuishi Fabio Muleri C.-Y. Ng Stephen L. O'Dell Nicola Omodei Chiara Oppedisano Alessandro Papitto George G. Pavlov Abel Lawrence Peirson Matteo Perri Melissa Pesce-Rollins Pierre-Olivier Petrucci Maura Pilia Andrea Possenti Simonetta Puccetti Brian D. Ramsey John Rankin Ajay Ratheesh Oliver J. Roberts Roger W. Romani Carmelo Sgr\'o Patrick Slane Paolo Soffitta Gloria Spandre Douglas A. Swartz Toru Tamagawa Fabrizio Tavecchio Roberto Taverna Yuzuru Tawara Allyn F. Tennant Nicholas E. Thomas Francesco Tombesi Alessio Trois Sergey S. Tsygankov Roberto Turolla Jacco Vink Martin C. Weisskopf Fei Xie Silvia Zane
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classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.GA
keywords polarizationx-rayixpeobservationsdegreemeasurementsradiooptical
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We present multiwavelength polarization measurements of the luminous blazar Mrk~501 over a 14-month period. The 2--8 keV X-ray polarization was measured with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) with six 100-ks observations spanning from 2022 March to 2023 April. Each IXPE observation was accompanied by simultaneous X-ray data from NuSTAR, Swift/XRT, and/or XMM-Newton. Complementary optical-infrared polarization measurements were also available in the B, V, R, I, and J bands, as were radio polarization measurements from 4.85 GHz to 225.5 GHz. Among the first five IXPE observations, we did not find significant variability in the X-ray polarization degree and angle with IXPE. However, the most recent sixth observation found an elevated polarization degree at $>3\sigma$ above the average of the other five observations. The optical and radio measurements show no apparent correlations with the X-ray polarization properties. Throughout the six IXPE observations, the X-ray polarization degree remained higher than, or similar to, the R-band optical polarization degree, which remained higher than the radio value. This is consistent with the energy-stratified shock scenario proposed to explain the first two IXPE observations, in which the polarized X-ray, optical, and radio emission arises from different regions.

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