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arxiv: 2504.14529 · v2 · submitted 2025-04-20 · ✦ hep-ph

Search for Dark Matter in 2HDMS at LHC and future Lepton Colliders

Juhi Dutta , Jayita Lahiri , Cheng Li , Gudrid Moortgat-Pick , Sheikh Farah Tabira , Julia Anabell Ziegler This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-22 19:36 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph
keywords 2HDMSdark matterHiggs phenomenologyLHClepton collidersbenchmark scancut and count analysis95 GeV excess
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The pith

Future lepton colliders serve as efficient discovery probes for the Two Higgs Doublet and Complex Singlet Scalar Extension with dark matter, while the High Luminosity LHC may only provide hints of new physics.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper explores the Two Higgs Doublet and Complex Singlet Scalar Extension (2HDMS), which adds a dark matter candidate to the Higgs sector. Researchers scan for benchmark points that meet all theoretical and experimental limits, including some that explain a possible 95 GeV Higgs excess. They then analyze collider signatures using a cut-and-count method. Results indicate that while the High Luminosity LHC could offer initial hints, proposed electron-positron and muon colliders stand out as strong tools for discovering this model.

Core claim

In the 2HDMS framework, representative benchmarks with varying dark matter masses are identified after exhaustive scanning under all constraints. Cut and count analyses at the LHC and future lepton colliders demonstrate that the High Luminosity LHC may give hints of new physics, whereas future lepton colliders prove to be efficient discovery probes for the model.

What carries the argument

The exhaustive parameter scan to select representative benchmarks combined with cut-and-count collider analyses for signatures involving the extended Higgs sector and dark matter.

Load-bearing premise

That an exhaustive scan can reliably identify representative benchmarks which satisfy all constraints and remain detectable at colliders.

What would settle it

A lack of any signal in the predicted channels at future lepton colliders after sufficient data collection would indicate that the model is not detectable as claimed or that the benchmarks are not representative.

read the original abstract

We investigate the phenomenological prospects of the Two Higgs Doublet and Complex Singlet Scalar Extension (2HDMS) in the context of dark matter (DM) and Higgs phenomenology. The 2HDMS provides an enlarged Higgs sector along with a DM candidate. In this work, we perform an exhaustive scan to find representative benchmarks which are consistent with all theoretical and experimental constraints. We choose benchmarks with light, intermediate and massive DM masses and in some cases, also accommodate the 95 GeV excess in $b\bar{b}$ and $\gamma\gamma$ channels observed at the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We focus on the relevant signatures at the LHC and at proposed future lepton colliders including electron-positron and muon colliders. Using a cut and count analysis, we show that while the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) may give a hint of new physics, future lepton colliders prove to be efficient discovery probes for the 2HDMS.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The paper investigates the Two Higgs Doublet plus Complex Singlet Scalar (2HDMS) extension of the Standard Model as a framework for dark matter and Higgs phenomenology. It performs an exhaustive scan over the Higgs sector masses, couplings, and dark matter parameters to identify representative benchmark points that satisfy all theoretical and experimental constraints, including some that accommodate the 95 GeV excess. Cut-and-count analyses are then used to assess the discovery reach at the HL-LHC and proposed future lepton colliders (e+e- and muon), concluding that HL-LHC may only provide hints while lepton colliders are efficient discovery probes for the model.

Significance. If the benchmark selection procedure is shown to be representative and the cut-and-count results are robust against detailed background modeling, the work would usefully illustrate the comparative advantages of lepton colliders for probing extended Higgs sectors with a dark matter candidate. The provision of concrete, constraint-satisfying benchmarks is a strength that could guide future experimental studies.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and §3] Abstract and §3 (Benchmark Selection): The central claim that 'representative benchmarks' from an exhaustive scan remain detectable at lepton colliders via cut-and-count rests on the assumption that the scan procedure (prior ranges, sampling density, and constraint implementation) does not preferentially select points with enhanced visible couplings or suppressed backgrounds. No details on these aspects are provided, so it is impossible to verify whether the conclusion that lepton colliders are 'efficient discovery probes' is general or an artifact of the chosen points.
  2. [§4] §4 (Collider Analysis): The cut-and-count results for HL-LHC and lepton colliders are presented without explicit description of background modeling, detector simulation assumptions, or the precise signal selection criteria used. This information is load-bearing for the claim that HL-LHC gives only a hint while lepton colliders enable discovery.
minor comments (2)
  1. [§2] Notation for the complex singlet scalar and its couplings is introduced without a dedicated table summarizing the free parameters and their ranges.
  2. [Figures 5-8] Figure captions for the cut-and-count distributions should explicitly state the integrated luminosity and center-of-mass energy assumed for each collider scenario.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment point by point below. Where the manuscript lacks sufficient detail, we will revise to improve transparency and verifiability of the benchmark selection and collider analyses.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and §3] The central claim that 'representative benchmarks' from an exhaustive scan remain detectable at lepton colliders via cut-and-count rests on the assumption that the scan procedure (prior ranges, sampling density, and constraint implementation) does not preferentially select points with enhanced visible couplings or suppressed backgrounds. No details on these aspects are provided.

    Authors: We agree that additional details on the scan procedure are necessary to demonstrate that the benchmarks are representative rather than potentially biased. In the revised manuscript, we will expand §3 to specify the prior ranges for all scanned parameters (Higgs masses, mixing angles, DM mass and couplings), the sampling method and density (Monte Carlo sampling with ~10^6 points), and the exact implementation of constraints using codes such as HiggsBounds/HiggsSignals for collider limits, micrOMEGAs for relic density and direct detection, and theoretical bounds on perturbativity and vacuum stability. This will allow readers to assess the generality of the conclusion that lepton colliders are efficient discovery probes. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [§4] The cut-and-count results for HL-LHC and lepton colliders are presented without explicit description of background modeling, detector simulation assumptions, or the precise signal selection criteria used.

    Authors: We acknowledge that the collider analysis section would benefit from greater explicitness to support the claims about discovery reach. In the revised §4, we will add a detailed description of the background processes simulated for each collider (including dominant SM processes like ZZ, WW, ttbar, and their cross sections), the detector simulation assumptions (using Delphes with appropriate cards for ATLAS/CMS, ILC, and muon collider), and the precise signal selection cuts, efficiencies, and significance calculation method. These additions will make the cut-and-count results more reproducible and robust. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; analysis is self-contained against external constraints

full rationale

The paper describes performing an exhaustive scan over the 2HDMS parameter space to select representative benchmarks that satisfy all theoretical and experimental constraints (including the optional 95 GeV excess), followed by a cut-and-count analysis of collider signatures at the HL-LHC and future lepton colliders. This chain relies on external constraints, standard simulation tools, and explicit analysis of the chosen points rather than any self-definitional reduction, fitted parameter renamed as prediction, or load-bearing self-citation. No equations or steps in the provided text reduce the central claims about discovery potential to the inputs by construction; the derivation remains independent and falsifiable via external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 2 axioms · 1 invented entities

The central claim rests on the existence of viable parameter regions in the 2HDMS that satisfy all constraints and produce detectable signals; this depends on many free parameters in the extended Higgs potential and on the assumption that the complex singlet provides a stable dark matter candidate.

free parameters (2)
  • Higgs sector masses and couplings
    Multiple masses, mixing angles, and quartic couplings are scanned to find benchmarks consistent with constraints.
  • Dark matter mass and couplings
    Light, intermediate, and heavy DM masses are chosen as representative cases.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption The 2HDMS Lagrangian is the correct low-energy effective theory for the extended Higgs sector.
    Invoked when performing the parameter scan and applying theoretical constraints.
  • domain assumption Standard Model background processes and detector effects are correctly modeled in the cut-and-count analysis.
    Required for the collider signature projections at LHC and lepton colliders.
invented entities (1)
  • Complex singlet scalar no independent evidence
    purpose: Provides a dark matter candidate and additional Higgs phenomenology.
    Introduced as part of the 2HDMS extension to address both dark matter and the possible 95 GeV excess.

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Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Towards a Unified Framework for Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Dark Matter and Electroweak Baryogenesis

    hep-ph 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The cS2HDM unifies a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter candidate with electroweak baryogenesis in a two-Higgs-doublet plus complex singlet setup, featuring naturally suppressed DM-nucleon scattering and CP-violating ...

  2. The neutral scalars of type-II 2HDM+S under the LHC

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Exotic decays A/H to Z h_S or Z A_S exclude large regions of the type-II 2HDM+S parameter space for moderate tan beta values where conventional 2HDM channels are weak.

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