pith. sign in

arxiv: 2604.11900 · v2 · submitted 2026-04-13 · 🪐 quant-ph · cond-mat.str-el

Observation of feedback-directed quantum dynamics in large-scale quantum processors

Ruizhe Shen , Ching Hua Lee This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 15:51 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🪐 quant-ph cond-mat.str-el
keywords feedback-directed circuitsmid-circuit measurementsnon-unitary dynamicsquantum processorsasymmetryrandom circuitsnon-Hermitian skin effect
0
0 comments X

The pith

Feedback-directed measurements steer random quantum dynamics to produce intrinsic asymmetry on large-scale processors.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper introduces circuit architectures that use mid-circuit measurements not just for readout but as active signals to steer the evolution of random quantum dynamics through real-time conditional operations. This creates directional information flow and generates an asymmetry in the system's behavior. The authors perform large-scale simulations up to 100 qubits and implement the circuits on IBM superconducting quantum processors. They observe robust, noise-resilient signatures of this feedback-induced asymmetry that can be distinguished from the non-Hermitian skin effect. The work positions feedback as a controllable resource for shaping non-unitary dynamics and open-system behavior on programmable quantum hardware.

Core claim

Feedback-directed circuit architectures integrate spatially structured mid-circuit measurements with real-time conditional operations to steer the evolution of random dynamics, thereby generating directional information flow and intrinsic asymmetry that is observed in a robust and noise-resilient manner on IBM quantum processors and is distinct from the non-Hermitian skin effect.

What carries the argument

Feedback-directed monitored circuits in which measurement outcomes serve as active control signals to direct non-unitary evolution and create asymmetry.

Load-bearing premise

The quantum hardware executes the intended mid-circuit measurements and conditional operations faithfully enough that the observed asymmetry originates from the feedback design rather than from noise or calibration artifacts.

What would settle it

Running the same circuits on the processor but with the conditional feedback operations disabled while retaining the mid-circuit measurements, and checking whether the reported asymmetry signature disappears.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.11900 by Ching Hua Lee, Ruizhe Shen.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. Feedback-directed dynamics realized on large-scale quantum hardware with 80 to 100 qubits. We present the local [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Compact end-to-end polarization as a scalable diagnostic of feedback-directed transport. Panels (a) and (b) show the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Programmable quantum hardware provides an emerging platform for exploring and controlling non-unitary quantum dynamics through measurement-based operations. In this work, we introduce feedback-directed circuit architectures that integrate spatially structured mid-circuit measurements with real-time conditional operations to steer the evolution of random dynamics, and perform their large-scale simulations (up to 100 qubits) on programmable digital quantum processors. By promoting measurement from a passive readout to an active control signal, these adaptive monitored circuits enable directional information flow and generate intrinsic asymmetry in random circuit simulations. We implement this framework on IBM superconducting quantum processors and observe robust, noise-resilient signatures of feedback-induced asymmetry distinct from the more well-known non-Hermitian skin effect. Our results establish feedback as a programmable resource for non-unitary control, opening new avenues for engineering measurement-based dynamics, non-equilibrium phenomena, and tunable open-system behavior on large-scale quantum hardware.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

1 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript introduces feedback-directed circuit architectures that integrate spatially structured mid-circuit measurements with real-time conditional operations to steer the evolution of random quantum dynamics. Large-scale simulations (up to 100 qubits) are performed classically, and the framework is implemented on IBM superconducting quantum processors, where the authors report observing robust, noise-resilient signatures of feedback-induced asymmetry that are claimed to be distinct from the non-Hermitian skin effect.

Significance. If the experimental results hold and the observed asymmetry can be rigorously attributed to the feedback mechanism rather than hardware artifacts, this would constitute a meaningful contribution to the study of measurement-based non-unitary dynamics. It positions feedback as a programmable control resource on current quantum hardware, with potential implications for engineering open-system behavior and non-equilibrium phenomena. The classical simulations up to 100 qubits provide a useful benchmark for the ideal case.

major comments (1)
  1. The central experimental claim (abstract and hardware implementation section) that mid-circuit measurements plus real-time conditionals produce directional asymmetry distinct from the non-Hermitian skin effect rests on the unverified assumption that IBM hardware faithfully realizes the intended architecture. The manuscript must include quantitative control experiments (e.g., delayed feedback, randomized conditionals) and comparisons against realistic noise models to demonstrate that latency, readout errors, and calibration artifacts do not dominate or mimic the reported signatures; without these, the robustness and distinction claims cannot be assessed.
minor comments (1)
  1. The abstract would benefit from explicit numerical metrics (e.g., asymmetry measures, error bars, or statistical significance) for the 'robust, noise-resilient signatures' to allow immediate evaluation of the observation strength.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the constructive review and for highlighting the importance of rigorously validating the experimental implementation against hardware artifacts. We address the major comment below and will strengthen the manuscript accordingly.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The central experimental claim (abstract and hardware implementation section) that mid-circuit measurements plus real-time conditionals produce directional asymmetry distinct from the non-Hermitian skin effect rests on the unverified assumption that IBM hardware faithfully realizes the intended architecture. The manuscript must include quantitative control experiments (e.g., delayed feedback, randomized conditionals) and comparisons against realistic noise models to demonstrate that latency, readout errors, and calibration artifacts do not dominate or mimic the reported signatures; without these, the robustness and distinction claims cannot be assessed.

    Authors: We agree that additional quantitative controls are required to substantiate that the observed asymmetry arises from the feedback mechanism rather than hardware-specific effects. The current manuscript compares experimental data to ideal classical simulations up to 100 qubits and notes qualitative differences from the non-Hermitian skin effect, but does not include the specific controls suggested. In the revised manuscript we will add a dedicated subsection presenting: (i) delayed-feedback control runs in which the conditional operations are intentionally postponed by several circuit layers, (ii) randomized-conditional runs that replace the structured feedback with random bit flips of equal probability, and (iii) direct comparisons of the measured asymmetry against noise models constructed from IBM’s reported readout and gate-error calibrations for the same device. These additions will allow readers to assess whether the reported signatures survive when the intended feedback architecture is disrupted or when realistic noise is applied. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity in experimental observation and simulation

full rationale

The paper introduces feedback-directed circuit architectures and reports their implementation on IBM superconducting quantum processors along with classical simulations up to 100 qubits. The central claims consist of direct experimental observations of feedback-induced asymmetry, presented as hardware results rather than any mathematical derivation or prediction that reduces to fitted parameters, self-citations, or ansatzes by construction. No load-bearing step equates an output to its own inputs via definition or prior author work; the architecture is defined and executed explicitly, with asymmetry signatures distinguished from the non-Hermitian skin effect through comparison of observed data. This is self-contained experimental work with independent content from hardware execution and simulation.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract introduces the feedback-directed framework without specifying free parameters, background axioms, or new postulated entities.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5442 in / 954 out tokens · 36511 ms · 2026-05-10T15:51:23.120253+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Fibonacci many-body scars in a decorated Rule-54 quantum cellular automaton

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Exact Fibonacci many-body scars engineered via soliton skeleton and invisible decorations in Rule-54 QCA, with finite translation orbits producing low-entanglement Floquet states.

  2. Digital Simulation of Non-Hermitian Knotted Bands on Quantum Hardware

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Non-Hermitian multi-band twister models are simulated on quantum hardware via a direct measurement protocol that extracts braid information and knot invariants such as Alexander and Jones polynomials, demonstrated on ...

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

84 extracted references · 84 canonical work pages · cited by 2 Pith papers

  1. [1]

    1(a), which serves to ef- fect information scrambling [61, 70, 71]

    Unitary random circuit without measurements and feedback As the most basic example, we consider the random quantum-circuit ansatz in Fig. 1(a), which serves to ef- fect information scrambling [61, 70, 71]. Its architecture 3 Random circuit + single-qubit conditional X operators If 0 Measurement with conditional SWAP Classical register = SWAP R Random R ga...

    work page

  2. [2]

    1(b)) after each random unitary layer (blue) at every iteration i

    Random circuit with pure mid-circuit measurements To generate non-unitary, measurement-induced dy- namics, the most direct approach is to stochastically ap- ply mid-circuit measurements (red boxes in Fig. 1(b)) after each random unitary layer (blue) at every iteration i. One layer of evolution is then described by the quan- tum channel ρ7→M Pure meas(ρscr...

    work page

  3. [3]

    We first consider the single-qubit feedback protocol of Eq

    Random circuit with conditional single-qubit X operators To implement asymmetrically directed feedback, we now attach conditional operations to the mid-circuit mea- surements. We first consider the single-qubit feedback protocol of Eq. 3, illustrated by the purple boxes in Fig. 1(c). In this protocol, if qubitjis measured and the outcome is 0, a condition...

    work page

  4. [4]

    4 and illustrated in Fig

    Random circuit with conditional 2-qubit SWAP operators To realize asymmetrically directed feedback, we next consider a more sophisticated protocol based on two- qubit conditional-SWAP operations, as described by Eq. 4 and illustrated in Fig. 1(d). In this architecture, each green block denotes a measurement-conditioned op- eration applied with fixed proba...

    work page

  5. [5]

    measured

    Effective stochastic model for feedback-directed dynamics To further understand the measurement feedback dy- namics, we provide a complementary approximate de- scription of it from a stochastic perspective. In our measurement-based circuits, the dynamics between mea- surement events are largely governed by the unitary scrambling layers. Mid-circuit measur...

    work page

  6. [6]

    To isolate initial boundary effects, we 8 consider the net center-of-mass shift at iteration (time)i δN c(i) =L(⟨N c(i)⟩ − ⟨N c(1)⟩),(24) whereLis the system size

    Quantitative characterization of the extent of dynamical feedback We next quantitatively characterize the measured dy- namical evolution in the 100-qubit chain subject to con- ditional spin flips. To isolate initial boundary effects, we 8 consider the net center-of-mass shift at iteration (time)i δN c(i) =L(⟨N c(i)⟩ − ⟨N c(1)⟩),(24) whereLis the system si...

    work page

  7. [7]

    Measurements of robust transport signatures The above results demonstrate that mid-circuit mea- surements combined with conditional operations can gen- erate a robust directional flow that remains observable up to system sizes of 100 qubits. For larger systems, how- ever, the dynamics naturally spread over an extended bulk region, so the feedback-induced ...

    work page

  8. [8]

    Thus, with probabilityp SWAP, qubitxis measured; if the outcome is 0, a SWAP is applied betweenxandx+ 1, whereas if the outcome is 1, no SWAP is applied

    is described by the local quantum channel Ex,x+1(ρ) =K 0ρK † 0 +K 1ρK † 1 +K idρK † id,(26) with Kraus operatorsK 0 =p pSWAPSWAPx,x+1Px[0], K1 = p pSWAP Px[1], Kid =p 1−p SWAP I.HereP x[0] =|0⟩ ⟨0|andP x[1] =|1⟩ ⟨1| project onto the measured outcomes at qubitx. Thus, with probabilityp SWAP, qubitxis measured; if the outcome is 0, a SWAP is applied between...

    work page

  9. [9]

    Preskill, Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond, Quantum2, 79 (2018)

    J. Preskill, Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond, Quantum2, 79 (2018)

    work page 2018

  10. [10]

    Y. Kim, A. Eddins, S. Anand, K. X. Wei, E. Van Den Berg, S. Rosenblatt, H. Nayfeh, Y. Wu, M. Zale- tel, K. Temme,et al., Evidence for the utility of quan- tum computing before fault tolerance, Nature618, 500 (2023)

    work page 2023

  11. [11]

    T. Chen, R. Shen, C. H. Lee, and B. Yang, High-fidelity realization of the aklt state on a nisq-era quantum pro- cessor, SciPost Physics15, 170 (2023)

    work page 2023

  12. [12]

    T. Chen, R. Shen, C. H. Lee, B. Yang, and R. W. Boman- tara, A robust large-period discrete time crystal and its signature in a digital quantum computer, arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.11560 (2023)

    work page arXiv 2023

  13. [13]

    Miessen, D

    A. Miessen, D. J. Egger, I. Tavernelli, and G. Mazzola, Benchmarking digital quantum simulations above hun- dreds of qubits using quantum critical dynamics, PRX Quantum5, 040320 (2024)

    work page 2024

  14. [14]

    T. I. Andersen, N. Astrakhantsev, A. H. Karamlou, J. Berndtsson, J. Motruk, A. Szasz, J. A. Gross, A. Schuckert, T. Westerhout, Y. Zhang,et al., Thermal- ization and criticality on an analogue–digital quantum simulator, Nature638, 79 (2025)

    work page 2025

  15. [15]

    Guo, Y.-K

    S.-A. Guo, Y.-K. Wu, J. Ye, L. Zhang, W.-Q. Lian, R. Yao, Y. Wang, R.-Y. Yan, Y.-J. Yi, Y.-L. Xu,et al., A site-resolved two-dimensional quantum simulator with hundreds of trapped ions, Nature630, 613 (2024)

    work page 2024

  16. [16]

    Jiang, C

    Y.-Y. Jiang, C. Deng, H. Fan, B.-Y. Li, L. Sun, X.-S. Tan, W. Wang, G.-M. Xue, F. Yan, H.-F. Yu,et al., Advancements in superconducting quantum computing, National Science Review12, nwaf246 (2025)

    work page 2025

  17. [17]

    S. J. Evered, D. Bluvstein, M. Kalinowski, S. Ebadi, T. Manovitz, H. Zhou, S. H. Li, A. A. Geim, T. T. Wang, N. Maskara,et al., High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer, Nature622, 268 (2023)

    work page 2023

  18. [18]

    Iqbal, N

    M. Iqbal, N. Tantivasadakarn, T. M. Gatterman, J. A. Gerber, K. Gilmore, D. Gresh, A. Hankin, N. Hewitt, C. V. Horst, M. Matheny,et al., Topological order from measurements and feed-forward on a trapped ion quan- tum computer, Communications Physics7, 205 (2024)

    work page 2024

  19. [19]

    Z. Wu, X. Sun, S. Wang, J. Zhang, X. Yang, J. Chu, J. Niu, Y. Zhong, X. Chen, Z.-C. Yang, et al., Measurement-and feedback-driven non-equilibrium phase transitions on a quantum processor, arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.07966 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  20. [20]

    S. Niu, E. Kokcu, A. Mitra, A. Szasz, A. Hashim, J. Kalloor, W. A. de Jong, C. Iancu, and E. Younis, Ac/dc: Automated compilation for dynamic circuits, arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.07969 (2024)

    work page arXiv 2024

  21. [21]

    Kawabata, K

    K. Kawabata, K. Shiozaki, M. Ueda, and M. Sato, Sym- metry and topology in non-hermitian physics, Physical Review X9, 041015 (2019)

    work page 2019

  22. [22]

    El-Ganainy, K

    R. El-Ganainy, K. G. Makris, M. Khajavikhan, Z. H. Musslimani, S. Rotter, and D. N. Christodoulides, Non- hermitian physics and pt symmetry, Nature Physics14, 11 (2018)

    work page 2018

  23. [23]

    Ashida, Z

    Y. Ashida, Z. Gong, and M. Ueda, Non-hermitian physics, Advances in Physics69, 249 (2020)

    work page 2020

  24. [24]

    R. Lin, T. Tai, L. Li, and C. H. Lee, Topological non- hermitian skin effect, Frontiers of Physics18, 53605 (2023)

    work page 2023

  25. [25]

    Zhang, T

    X. Zhang, T. Zhang, M.-H. Lu, and Y.-F. Chen, A review on non-hermitian skin effect, Advances in Physics: X7, 2109431 (2022)

    work page 2022

  26. [26]

    A. N. Poddubny, Interaction-induced analog of a non- hermitian skin effect in a lattice two-body problem, Phys- ical Review B107, 045131 (2023)

    work page 2023

  27. [27]

    R. Shen, T. Chen, M. M. Aliyu, F. Qin, Y. Zhong, H. Loh, and C. H. Lee, Proposal for observing yang-lee criticality in rydberg atomic arrays, Physical Review Let- ters131, 080403 (2023)

    work page 2023

  28. [28]

    M. Yang, L. Yuan, and C. H. Lee, Non-hermitian strong bosonic clustering through interaction-induced caging, Communications Physics8, 388 (2025)

    work page 2025

  29. [29]

    S. Liu, H. Jiang, W.-T. Xue, Q. Li, J. Gong, X. Liu, and C. H. Lee, Non-hermitian entanglement dip from scaling- induced exceptional criticality, Science Bulletin70, 2929 (2025)

    work page 2025

  30. [30]

    Xue and C

    W.-T. Xue and C. H. Lee, Topologically protected nega- tive entanglement, Advanced Science13, e13868 (2026)

    work page 2026

  31. [31]

    Zhang, Y

    L. Zhang, Y. Yang, Y. Ge, Y.-J. Guan, Q. Chen, Q. Yan, F. Chen, R. Xi, Y. Li, D. Jia,et al., Acoustic non- 14 hermitian skin effect from twisted winding topology, Na- ture communications12, 1 (2021)

    work page 2021

  32. [32]

    Cheng, H

    X. Cheng, H. Jiang, J. Chen, L. Zhang, Y. S. Ang, and C. H. Lee, Stochasticity-induced non-hermitian skin crit- icality, arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.13176 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  33. [33]

    F. Qin, R. Shen, C. H. Lee,et al., Non-hermitian squeezed polarons, Physical Review A107, L010202 (2023)

    work page 2023

  34. [34]

    Zhang, Z

    K. Zhang, Z. Yang, and C. Fang, Universal non-hermitian skin effect in two and higher dimensions, Nature commu- nications13, 1 (2022)

    work page 2022

  35. [35]

    Matsumoto, K

    N. Matsumoto, K. Kawabata, Y. Ashida, S. Furukawa, and M. Ueda, Continuous phase transition without gap closing in non-hermitian quantum many-body systems, Physical review letters125, 260601 (2020)

    work page 2020

  36. [36]

    E. Lee, H. Lee, and B.-J. Yang, Many-body approach to non-hermitian physics in fermionic systems, Physical Review B101, 121109 (2020)

    work page 2020

  37. [37]

    H. Li, H. Wu, W. Zheng, and W. Yi, Many-body non- hermitian skin effect under dynamic gauge coupling, Physical Review Research5, 033173 (2023)

    work page 2023

  38. [38]

    Okuma, K

    N. Okuma, K. Kawabata, K. Shiozaki, and M. Sato, Topological origin of non-hermitian skin effects, Physi- cal review letters124, 086801 (2020)

    work page 2020

  39. [39]

    Shen and C

    R. Shen and C. H. Lee, Non-hermitian skin clusters from strong interactions, Communications Physics5, 1 (2022)

    work page 2022

  40. [41]

    C. H. Lee, Many-body topological and skin states with- out open boundaries, Physical Review B104, 195102 (2021)

    work page 2021

  41. [42]

    Kawabata, T

    K. Kawabata, T. Numasawa, and S. Ryu, Entanglement phase transition induced by the non-hermitian skin effect, Phys. Rev. X13, 021007 (2023)

    work page 2023

  42. [43]

    R. Shen, W. J. Chan, and C. H. Lee, Non-hermitian skin effect along hyperbolic geodesics, Physical Review B111, 045420 (2025)

    work page 2025

  43. [44]

    Yang and C

    M. Yang and C. H. Lee, Beyond the non-hermitian skin effect: Scaling-controlled topology from exceptional- bound bands, Advanced Science , e23989 (2025)

    work page 2025

  44. [45]

    F. Qin, R. Shen, L. Li, and C. H. Lee, Kinked linear re- sponse from non-hermitian cold-atom pumping, Physical Review A109, 053311 (2024)

    work page 2024

  45. [46]

    Gliozzi, G

    J. Gliozzi, G. De Tomasi, and T. L. Hughes, Many-body non-hermitian skin effect for multipoles, Physical review letters133, 136503 (2024)

    work page 2024

  46. [47]

    R. Shen, T. Chen, B. Yang, and C. H. Lee, Observa- tion of the non-hermitian skin effect and fermi skin on a digital quantum computer, Nature Communications16, 1340 (2025)

    work page 2025

  47. [48]

    R. Shen, F. Qin, J.-Y. Desaules, Z. Papi´ c, and C. H. Lee, Enhanced many-body quantum scars from the non- hermitian fock skin effect, Physical Review Letters133, 216601 (2024)

    work page 2024

  48. [49]

    Dogra, A

    S. Dogra, A. A. Melnikov, and G. S. Paraoanu, Quan- tum simulation of parity–time symmetry breaking with a superconducting quantum processor, Communications Physics4, 26 (2021)

    work page 2021

  49. [50]

    R. Shen, T. Chen, B. Yang, Y. Zhong, and C. H. Lee, Robust simulations of many-body symmetry-protected topological phase transitions on a quantum processor, npj Quantum Information11, 179 (2025)

    work page 2025

  50. [51]

    J. M. Koh, W.-T. Xue, T. Tai, D. E. Koh, and C. H. Lee, Interacting non-hermitian edge and cluster bursts on a digital quantum processor, arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.14595 (2025)

    work page arXiv 2025

  51. [52]

    Zhang, J

    Y. Zhang, J. Carrasquilla, and Y. B. Kim, Observation of a non-hermitian supersonic mode on a trapped-ion quan- tum computer, Nature Communications16, 3286 (2025)

    work page 2025

  52. [53]

    M.-M. Cao, K. Li, W.-D. Zhao, W.-X. Guo, B.-X. Qi, X.- Y. Chang, Z.-C. Zhou, Y. Xu, and L.-M. Duan, Probing complex-energy topology via non-hermitian absorption spectroscopy in a trapped ion simulator, Physical Review Letters130, 163001 (2023)

    work page 2023

  53. [54]

    Z. Lin, L. Zhang, X. Long, Y.-a. Fan, Y. Li, K. Tang, J. Li, X. Nie, T. Xin, X.-J. Liu,et al., Experimental quantum simulation of non-hermitian dynamical topo- logical states using stochastic schr¨ odinger equation, npj Quantum Information8, 77 (2022)

    work page 2022

  54. [55]

    Hines and T

    J. Hines and T. Proctor, Pauli noise learning for mid- circuit measurements, Physical Review Letters134, 020602 (2025)

    work page 2025

  55. [56]

    J. M. Koh, S.-N. Sun, M. Motta, and A. J. Minnich, Measurement-induced entanglement phase transition on a superconducting quantum processor with mid-circuit readout, Nature Physics19, 1314 (2023)

    work page 2023

  56. [57]

    Deist, Y.-H

    E. Deist, Y.-H. Lu, J. Ho, M. K. Pasha, J. Zeiher, Z. Yan, and D. M. Stamper-Kurn, Mid-circuit cavity measure- ment in a neutral atom array, Physical Review Letters 129, 203602 (2022)

    work page 2022

  57. [58]

    Y. Li, X. Chen, and M. P. Fisher, Quantum zeno ef- fect and the many-body entanglement transition, Physi- cal Review B98, 205136 (2018)

    work page 2018

  58. [59]

    Skinner, J

    B. Skinner, J. Ruhman, and A. Nahum, Measurement- induced phase transitions in the dynamics of entangle- ment, Physical Review X9, 031009 (2019)

    work page 2019

  59. [60]

    M. J. Gullans and D. A. Huse, Dynamical purifica- tion phase transition induced by quantum measurements, Physical Review X10, 041020 (2020)

    work page 2020

  60. [61]

    M. J. Gullans and D. A. Huse, Scalable probes of measurement-induced criticality, Physical review letters 125, 070606 (2020)

    work page 2020

  61. [62]

    J. M. Koh, D. E. Koh, and J. Thompson, Readout er- ror mitigation for mid-circuit measurements and feedfor- ward, arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.07611 (2024)

    work page arXiv 2024

  62. [63]

    D. Zhu, G. D. Kahanamoku-Meyer, L. Lewis, C. Noel, O. Katz, B. Harraz, Q. Wang, A. Risinger, L. Feng, D. Biswas,et al., Interactive cryptographic proofs of quantumness using mid-circuit measurements, Nature Physics19, 1725 (2023)

    work page 2023

  63. [64]

    DeCross, E

    M. DeCross, E. Chertkov, M. Kohagen, and M. Foss-Feig, Qubit-reuse compilation with mid-circuit measurement and reset, Physical Review X13, 041057 (2023)

    work page 2023

  64. [65]

    B¨ aumer, V

    E. B¨ aumer, V. Tripathi, D. S. Wang, P. Rall, E. H. Chen, S. Majumder, A. Seif, and Z. K. Minev, Efficient long- range entanglement using dynamic circuits, PRX Quan- tum5, 030339 (2024)

    work page 2024

  65. [66]

    R. S. Gupta, E. Van Den Berg, M. Takita, D. Riste, K. Temme, and A. Kandala, Probabilistic error cancel- lation for dynamic quantum circuits, Physical Review A 109, 062617 (2024)

    work page 2024

  66. [67]

    B¨ aumer, V

    E. B¨ aumer, V. Tripathi, A. Seif, D. Lidar, and D. S. Wang, Quantum fourier transform using dynamic cir- cuits, Physical Review Letters133, 150602 (2024)

    work page 2024

  67. [68]

    A. J. Friedman, O. Hart, and R. Nandkishore, Measurement-induced phases of matter require feedback, 15 PRX Quantum4, 040309 (2023)

    work page 2023

  68. [69]

    Nahum, S

    A. Nahum, S. Vijay, and J. Haah, Operator spreading in random unitary circuits, Physical Review X8, 021014 (2018)

    work page 2018

  69. [70]

    M. P. Fisher, V. Khemani, A. Nahum, and S. Vijay, Random quantum circuits, Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics14, 335 (2023)

    work page 2023

  70. [71]

    S. Pai, M. Pretko, and R. M. Nandkishore, Localization in fractonic random circuits, Physical Review X9, 021003 (2019)

    work page 2019

  71. [72]

    Ravindranath, Y

    V. Ravindranath, Y. Han, Z.-C. Yang, and X. Chen, En- tanglement steering in adaptive circuits with feedback, Physical Review B108, L041103 (2023)

    work page 2023

  72. [73]

    Iadecola, S

    T. Iadecola, S. Ganeshan, J. Pixley, and J. H. Wilson, Measurement and feedback driven entanglement transi- tion in the probabilistic control of chaos, Physical review letters131, 060403 (2023)

    work page 2023

  73. [74]

    Hothem, J

    D. Hothem, J. Hines, C. Baldwin, D. Gresh, R. Blume- Kohout, and T. Proctor, Measuring error rates of mid- circuit measurements, Nature Communications16, 5761 (2025)

    work page 2025

  74. [75]

    C. Noel, P. Niroula, D. Zhu, A. Risinger, L. Egan, D. Biswas, M. Cetina, A. V. Gorshkov, M. J. Gullans, D. A. Huse,et al., Measurement-induced quantum phases realized in a trapped-ion quantum computer, Nature Physics18, 760 (2022)

    work page 2022

  75. [76]

    Bertini and L

    B. Bertini and L. Piroli, Scrambling in random unitary circuits: Exact results, Physical Review B102, 064305 (2020)

    work page 2020

  76. [77]

    Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor, Nature622, 481 (2023)

    work page 2023

  77. [78]

    Nahum, J

    A. Nahum, J. Ruhman, S. Vijay, and J. Haah, Quantum entanglement growth under random unitary dynamics, Physical Review X7, 031016 (2017)

    work page 2017

  78. [79]

    C. W. von Keyserlingk, T. Rakovszky, F. Pollmann, and S. L. Sondhi, Operator hydrodynamics, otocs, and en- tanglement growth in systems without conservation laws, Physical Review X8, 021013 (2018)

    work page 2018

  79. [80]

    Yao and Z

    S. Yao and Z. Wang, Edge states and topological invari- ants of non-hermitian systems, Physical review letters 121, 086803 (2018)

    work page 2018

  80. [81]

    F. K. Kunst, E. Edvardsson, J. C. Budich, and E. J. Bergholtz, Biorthogonal bulk-boundary corre- spondence in non-hermitian systems, arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.06492 (2018)

    work page arXiv 2018

Showing first 80 references.