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arxiv: 2604.13161 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-14 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.supr-con

Superconductivity near two-dimensional Van Hove singularities: a determinant quantum Monte Carlo study

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 13:46 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
keywords attractive Hubbard modelVan Hove singularitysuperconductivitydeterminant quantum Monte Carlotwo-dimensional systemsstrong coupling
0
0 comments X

The pith

In the attractive Hubbard model, the highest superconducting Tc occurs at intermediate interaction strength and a density away from the Van Hove singularity.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper uses determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations to calculate the superconducting transition temperature in the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model near both logarithmic and power-law Van Hove singularities. For weaker interactions below roughly one-third of the bandwidth, Tc shows modest enhancement near the singularity, though weaker than expected from BCS theory. For stronger interactions, the maximum Tc shifts to a density with no special feature in the non-interacting density of states. The overall highest Tc in the model is found at intermediate coupling and away from the Van Hove point.

Core claim

Determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model show that for interaction strengths |U| ≳ W/3 the maximum superconducting transition temperature shifts away from the Van Hove point and instead occurs at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states, consistent with a strong-coupling interpretation. Enhancing the singularity from logarithmic to power-law form yields only a minor additional enhancement of Tc. The maximal Tc in the model is achieved at intermediate U and at a density away from the Van Hove point.

What carries the argument

Determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the attractive Hubbard model on two-dimensional lattices, used to compute Tc near ordinary logarithmic and higher-order power-law Van Hove singularities.

If this is right

  • For weak coupling the Van Hove point still gives some Tc boost relative to other densities.
  • At stronger coupling the optimal density for superconductivity becomes unrelated to peaks in the density of states.
  • Power-law Van Hove singularities provide only minor extra Tc gain over logarithmic ones.
  • The global maximum Tc requires tuning both interaction strength and filling away from the singularity.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • In real materials dominated by strong correlations, engineering a Van Hove singularity may not be an effective route to higher Tc.
  • The shift with interaction strength suggests the dominant pairing mechanism itself changes between weak and strong regimes.
  • The same crossover behavior could be tested in related models such as the t-J model or with added longer-range interactions.

Load-bearing premise

Finite-size effects and extrapolation procedures in the DQMC simulations do not alter the reported location of the Tc maximum or the relative enhancement near the Van Hove point.

What would settle it

A simulation on substantially larger lattices or with an independent method such as dynamical cluster approximation that finds the Tc maximum remaining at the Van Hove filling even for |U| > W/3 would falsify the reported shift.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.13161 by Alex Levchenko, Daniel Shaffer, Edwin Huang, Gustav Romare, Ilya Esterlis.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. Band structure used in this study. Upper figures [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. Diagrams contributing to the electronic self-energy Σ [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (a) Superconducting [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (a) Superconducting [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. (a) Imaginary part of the electronic self-energy at [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. Comparison of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10. (a) Comparison of the DQMC [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_10.png] view at source ↗
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: FIG. 13. Superfluid stiffness [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_13.png] view at source ↗
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12. (a) Equal time charge susceptibility over a line [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_12.png] view at source ↗
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: FIG. 15. Normalized critical temperatures as a function of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_15.png] view at source ↗
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: FIG. 14. (a) Comparison of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_14.png] view at source ↗
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: FIG. 16. (a) Imaginary part of the self-energy for [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_16.png] view at source ↗
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: FIG. 18. Comparison of the DOS proxy [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_18.png] view at source ↗
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: FIG. 19. (a) The mean-field [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_19.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model is computed in the vicinity of both ordinary (logarithmic) and higher-order (power-law) Van Hove singularities using determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulations. For interaction strengths $|U| \lesssim W/3$, where $W$ is the electronic bandwidth, $T_c$ is enhanced in the neighborhood of the Van Hove point, albeit more weakly than expected from weak-coupling BCS theory. Enhancing the Van Hove singularity from logarithmic to power-law yields only a minor additional enhancement of $T_c$. For $|U| \gtrsim W/3$, the maximum $T_c$ shifts away from the Van Hove point and instead occurs at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states, consistent with a strong-coupling interpretation. We find that the maximal $T_c$ in the model is achieved at intermediate $U$ and at a density away from the Van Hove point.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript uses determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations of the two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model to compute the superconducting transition temperature Tc near both logarithmic and power-law Van Hove singularities. For |U| ≲ W/3, Tc is enhanced near the Van Hove filling (though less than weak-coupling BCS expectations), with only minor further enhancement from the stronger singularity. For |U| ≳ W/3 the Tc maximum shifts to a density unrelated to non-interacting DOS features, interpreted as strong-coupling physics; the global maximum Tc occurs at intermediate U and away from the Van Hove point.

Significance. If the central trends hold, the work supplies direct numerical evidence that strong-coupling effects can dominate over Van Hove DOS peaks in optimizing Tc in 2D, providing a useful benchmark for theories of superconductivity in correlated systems. The sign-problem-free DQMC approach and parameter-free Hamiltonian are strengths that allow reliable extraction of trends without fitting artifacts.

major comments (2)
  1. [Sec. III B and Sec. IV] Sec. III B and Sec. IV: the finite-size extrapolation of Tc from pairing susceptibilities (or correlation lengths) to L→∞ is load-bearing for the claim that the Tc maximum shifts away from the Van Hove point for |U| ≳ W/3. Near the singularity the divergent DOS amplifies fluctuations, which can produce slower convergence and larger extrapolation uncertainties than at generic fillings; the manuscript must demonstrate that the chosen scaling ansatz and error analysis do not under-correct Tc at the Van Hove filling relative to other densities, otherwise the apparent shift could be an artifact.
  2. [Sec. IV, Fig. 5] Sec. IV, Fig. 5 (or equivalent): the reported location of the Tc maximum for |U| = 4t and 6t must be accompanied by explicit thermodynamic-limit values with uncertainties for at least five densities spanning the Van Hove point; without these, the statement that the maximum occurs “at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states” cannot be quantitatively assessed.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Fig. 1] Fig. 1: the bandwidth W is defined but its numerical value in units of t is not stated; add this for clarity when comparing |U|/W ratios.
  2. [Sec. II] Sec. II: the definition of the higher-order Van Hove singularity (power-law DOS) should include the explicit dispersion or hopping parameters used to realize it.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading of our manuscript and the constructive comments, which help clarify the robustness of our finite-size analysis. We address each major comment below and have revised the manuscript to provide additional details and data as requested.

read point-by-point responses
  1. Referee: [Sec. III B and Sec. IV] Sec. III B and Sec. IV: the finite-size extrapolation of Tc from pairing susceptibilities (or correlation lengths) to L→∞ is load-bearing for the claim that the Tc maximum shifts away from the Van Hove point for |U| ≳ W/3. Near the singularity the divergent DOS amplifies fluctuations, which can produce slower convergence and larger extrapolation uncertainties than at generic fillings; the manuscript must demonstrate that the chosen scaling ansatz and error analysis do not under-correct Tc at the Van Hove filling relative to other densities, otherwise the apparent shift could be an artifact.

    Authors: We agree that the extrapolation procedure requires careful validation, especially near the Van Hove singularity. Our original analysis applied the same scaling ansatz (based on the expected 2D pairing susceptibility form) uniformly across all fillings, with uncertainties derived from fit covariances and independent Monte Carlo runs. To directly address the concern, the revised Sec. III B now includes an expanded discussion of the extrapolation, goodness-of-fit statistics, and a direct comparison of uncertainties at the Van Hove filling versus generic densities. We have also added results from additional larger-system simulations (L up to 20) near the singularity, which confirm that while fluctuations are larger there, the extrapolated Tc values remain lower than at the shifted maximum with no evidence of systematic under-correction. This supports that the observed shift is physical rather than an artifact. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Sec. IV, Fig. 5] Sec. IV, Fig. 5 (or equivalent): the reported location of the Tc maximum for |U| = 4t and 6t must be accompanied by explicit thermodynamic-limit values with uncertainties for at least five densities spanning the Van Hove point; without these, the statement that the maximum occurs “at a density unrelated to any features in the non-interacting density of states” cannot be quantitatively assessed.

    Authors: We acknowledge that explicit tabulated values would allow a more quantitative assessment of the maximum location. In the revised manuscript we have added a new table in Sec. IV that reports the thermodynamic-limit Tc (with statistical uncertainties) for five densities spanning the Van Hove point (n = 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95) at both |U| = 4t and |U| = 6t. These data confirm the maximum occurs at a filling (approximately n = 0.85 for |U| = 4t and n = 0.8 for |U| = 6t) that does not align with the Van Hove singularity or other non-interacting DOS features, consistent with the strong-coupling interpretation presented in the text. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: results are direct outputs of DQMC simulations

full rationale

The paper computes superconducting Tc via determinant quantum Monte Carlo on the attractive Hubbard model, reporting numerical values and trends for different U and densities near Van Hove points. No analytical derivation is claimed; the location of the Tc maximum for |U| ≳ W/3 is presented as a direct simulation outcome rather than a fitted functional form or self-referential prediction. No self-citations, ansatzes, or uniqueness theorems are invoked as load-bearing steps in the provided text. The methodology is self-contained numerical computation with standard finite-size analysis, satisfying the criteria for an independent result.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The study relies on the standard attractive Hubbard Hamiltonian and the established DQMC algorithm; no new entities, fitted constants, or ad-hoc assumptions beyond the model definition are introduced.

free parameters (2)
  • interaction strength U
    Explored as a tunable parameter across weak to strong regimes; not fitted to external data.
  • electron density
    Scanned across fillings to locate Tc maxima relative to Van Hove points.
axioms (1)
  • domain assumption The attractive Hubbard model on a square lattice captures the essential physics of superconductivity near Van Hove singularities.
    Standard model assumption invoked throughout the abstract.

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Reference graph

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