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arxiv: 2604.15989 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-17 · ⚛️ nucl-th

Charged-current quasielastic-like neutrino scattering from ¹²C in the coherent density fluctuation model with two-nucleon emission

M. V. Ivanov , A. N. Antonov This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-10 07:33 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ nucl-th
keywords neutrino scatteringquasielasticcarbon-12coherent density fluctuation modeltwo-nucleon emissionrelativistic mean fieldeffective nucleon mass
0
0 comments X

The pith

The coherent density fluctuation model with relativistic effective nucleon mass of 0.8 times the free mass calculates neutrino and antineutrino scattering cross sections on carbon-12.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper calculates charged-current quasielastic-like neutrino and antineutrino scattering cross sections on carbon-12 using the coherent density fluctuation model that incorporates a relativistic effective mass for the nucleon set at 0.8 times its free value. The calculations also include two-nucleon emission processes treated within the relativistic mean field framework of nuclear matter. These predictions are compared against data from accelerator experiments such as MiniBooNE, T2K, and MINERvA. A sympathetic reader would care because precise modeling of neutrino-nucleus interactions is needed to interpret oscillation measurements and to account for nuclear medium effects at typical beam energies.

Core claim

The quasielastic cross-sections of charged-current neutrino and antineutrino scattering on 12C are obtained in the CDFM_M* model by incorporating the modification of the nucleon effective mass m_N^*=0.8 m_N from the relativistic mean field treatment, together with explicit two-particle emission channels also evaluated in the same RMF framework, yielding predictions for the observed cross sections.

What carries the argument

CDFM_M*, the coherent density fluctuation model with relativistic effective mass, which uses the density-dependent effective nucleon mass from the RMF model to compute the quasielastic-like response while adding two-nucleon knockout contributions.

Load-bearing premise

The relativistic effective mass is fixed at exactly 0.8 times the free nucleon mass and the relativistic mean field treatment accurately represents the nuclear medium modifications for the kinematics of the neutrino scattering processes.

What would settle it

A large, systematic discrepancy between the calculated cross sections and the measured values in any of the MiniBooNE, T2K, or MINERvA data sets over the relevant energy and momentum-transfer ranges would show that the chosen mass value or RMF framework does not capture the relevant nuclear effects.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.15989 by A. N. Antonov, M. V. Ivanov.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: FIG. 1. (Color online) MiniBooNE flux-folded double differential cross section per target neutron for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: FIG. 2. (Color online) As for Fig. 1, but now for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: FIG. 3. (Color online) MiniBooNE flux-folded double differential cross section per target neutron for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. (Color online) T2K flux-folded double differential cross section per target nucleon for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. (Color online) The quasielastic T2K flux-folded double differential cross section per target nucleon for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png] view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. (Color online) MINERvA flux-folded double-differential cross section for muon neutrino scattering on hydrocarbon [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_6.png] view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. (Color online) MINERvA flux-folded double-differential cross section for antineutrino scattering on hydrocarbon (CH). [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_7.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The quasielastic cross-sections of charged-current neutrino and antineutrino scattering on $^{12}$C are calculated using the coherent density fluctuation model with a relativistic effective mass $m_N^* =0.8 m_N$ (CDFM$_{M^*}$). The model explicitly considers the modification of the relativistic effective mass of the nucleon within the relativistic mean field (RMF) model of nuclear matter. In addition, our calculations include neutrino-induced two-particle emission processes, which are evaluated within the RMF model of nuclear matter. Utilizing the CDFM$_{M^*}$, we provide predictions for the neutrino and antineutrino cross sections of $^{12}$C, which have been observed in accelerator experiments, such as MiniBooNE, T2K, and MINERvA. Also, we analyze the axial form factor value for the excitation of the $\Delta$ at zero momentum transfer (commonly denoted as $C^A_5 (0)$) which is important for the treatment of the $\Delta$ current in the meson-exchange currents (MEC) calculation. In addition, the quasielastic results obtained within CDFM$_{M^*}$ model are thoroughly evaluated for different regions of the momentum transfer.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript calculates charged-current quasielastic-like neutrino and antineutrino cross sections on ^{12}C within the coherent density fluctuation model that incorporates a relativistic effective nucleon mass (CDFM_{M^*}) fixed at m_N^*=0.8 m_N from RMF nuclear matter. It includes neutrino-induced two-nucleon emission processes evaluated in the RMF framework, analyzes the axial form factor C_5^A(0) relevant to meson-exchange currents, and evaluates the quasielastic results for different momentum-transfer regions, providing predictions for comparison with MiniBooNE, T2K, and MINERvA data.

Significance. If the fixed effective-mass choice and RMF-based 2N treatment prove robust for neutrino kinematics, the CDFM_{M^*} framework could provide a useful tool for interpreting accelerator neutrino-nucleus data by combining density fluctuations with two-body currents. The explicit evaluation across Q regions and inclusion of MEC contributions via the Delta current are constructive elements that could aid model development in the field.

major comments (3)
  1. Abstract and model description: The relativistic effective mass is fixed at m_N^*=0.8 m_N from RMF calculations of symmetric nuclear matter at saturation density, yet no sensitivity study or explicit check is shown that this value remains appropriate for the off-shell kinematics and momentum transfers probed by accelerator neutrinos on ^{12}C. This choice is load-bearing for all reported cross sections.
  2. Two-nucleon emission processes: The 2N emission is evaluated within the RMF model and embedded in CDFM_{M^*}, but the manuscript does not demonstrate consistency of the effective-mass parameter (or other RMF inputs) between the one-body current and the two-body currents, leaving open the possibility of uncontrolled parameter mismatch in the quasielastic-like regime.
  3. Results for different momentum-transfer regions: Although the abstract states that results are 'thoroughly evaluated' for different Q regions and predictions are supplied for already-measured data, no quantitative agreement metrics, flux-averaged comparisons, or uncertainty estimates are referenced, weakening the claim that the calculations constitute usable predictions.
minor comments (1)
  1. The notation CDFM_{M^*} and the precise definition of 'quasielastic-like' should be introduced with a brief equation or reference at first appearance to aid readability.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the careful reading and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment point by point below, indicating planned revisions where appropriate.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: Abstract and model description: The relativistic effective mass is fixed at m_N^*=0.8 m_N from RMF calculations of symmetric nuclear matter at saturation density, yet no sensitivity study or explicit check is shown that this value remains appropriate for the off-shell kinematics and momentum transfers probed by accelerator neutrinos on ^{12}C. This choice is load-bearing for all reported cross sections.

    Authors: The value m_N^*=0.8 m_N is the standard result from RMF calculations of symmetric nuclear matter at saturation density and is adopted in CDFM_{M^*} to represent the average effect of density fluctuations across the nucleus. This choice is consistent with prior applications of RMF-based models to finite nuclei. To directly address the concern about off-shell kinematics and neutrino momentum transfers on ^{12}C, we will add a dedicated paragraph in the revised manuscript justifying the applicability of this fixed value and include a limited sensitivity study varying m_N^* around 0.8 m_N to quantify its effect on the reported cross sections. revision: yes

  2. Referee: Two-nucleon emission processes: The 2N emission is evaluated within the RMF model and embedded in CDFM_{M^*}, but the manuscript does not demonstrate consistency of the effective-mass parameter (or other RMF inputs) between the one-body current and the two-body currents, leaving open the possibility of uncontrolled parameter mismatch in the quasielastic-like regime.

    Authors: The two-nucleon emission is computed in the same RMF framework of nuclear matter that supplies the effective mass for the CDFM_{M^*} one-body currents, so the parameter m_N^*=0.8 m_N and other RMF inputs are identical by construction. We will revise the model description section to explicitly state this shared RMF origin and parameter consistency for the one- and two-body contributions, thereby removing any ambiguity. revision: yes

  3. Referee: Results for different momentum-transfer regions: Although the abstract states that results are 'thoroughly evaluated' for different Q regions and predictions are supplied for already-measured data, no quantitative agreement metrics, flux-averaged comparisons, or uncertainty estimates are referenced, weakening the claim that the calculations constitute usable predictions.

    Authors: The thorough evaluation in the manuscript consists of explicit calculations and direct visual comparisons of the quasielastic-like cross sections in distinct momentum-transfer regions against MiniBooNE, T2K, and MINERvA data. We agree that the absence of quantitative metrics (e.g., chi-squared values) and uncertainty bands limits the immediate usability of the predictions. In the revised version we will therefore add flux-averaged results where relevant and include basic uncertainty estimates derived from the model variations already explored. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; model inputs are external to the neutrino data

full rationale

The paper fixes m_N^*=0.8 m_N from the RMF model of nuclear matter as an input parameter and computes CCQE-like cross sections (including 2N emission) within the CDFM_M* framework for comparison against external accelerator data (MiniBooNE, T2K, MINERvA). No equations or text indicate that parameters are fitted to the neutrino cross-section measurements themselves, nor any self-definitional loop, fitted-input-renamed-as-prediction, or load-bearing self-citation that reduces the output to the input by construction. The derivation chain remains independent of the target observables.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

2 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

Central claim rests on the CDFM description of nuclear density fluctuations, the RMF-derived effective mass, and the RMF treatment of two-nucleon emission; the effective mass value is an external input rather than derived within the paper.

free parameters (2)
  • relativistic effective mass m_N^* = 0.8 m_N
    Fixed at 0.8 m_N from RMF nuclear matter; directly scales the kinematics and cross sections.
  • C^A_5(0)
    Value for Delta axial form factor at zero momentum transfer is analyzed for MEC contributions.
axioms (2)
  • domain assumption The coherent density fluctuation model with RMF effective mass accurately represents the nuclear response for quasielastic neutrino scattering.
    Invoked as the computational framework for all cross-section results.
  • domain assumption Two-nucleon emission processes can be reliably evaluated within the RMF model of nuclear matter for neutrino kinematics.
    Added explicitly to the quasielastic calculation.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5528 in / 1499 out tokens · 50110 ms · 2026-05-10T07:33:44.591230+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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