arxiv: 2604.22075 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-23 · 🌌 astro-ph.IM

Recognition: unknown

CCAT: Silicon-Platelet Feedhorns for Submillimeter Wavelengths

Jason Austermann , James Beall , James R. Burgoyne , Scott Chapman , Steve Choi , Cody J. Duell , Anthony I. Huber , Johannes Hubmayr

show 7 more authors

Matthew A. Koc Michael D. Niemack Joel N. Ullom Jeffrey van Lanen Anna Vaskuri Michael Vissers Jordan Wheeler

Authors on Pith no claims yet

Pith reviewed 2026-05-08 13:39 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.IM

keywords silicon-platelet feedhornssubmillimeter wavelengthsCCAT Prime-Camfeedhorn arraysbeam mapsoptical efficiencyfabrication metrology

0 comments

The pith

Silicon-platelet feedhorns operate at submillimeter wavelengths up to 850 GHz and match both simulations and traditional metal feedhorns.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper demonstrates the first application of silicon-platelet feedhorn arrays at submillimeter wavelengths for the Prime-Cam instrument on CCAT. Prototypes for the 350 GHz and 850 GHz bands were fabricated, their dimensions verified, their beams mapped at room temperature, and their optical efficiency measured at cryogenic temperatures when paired with prototype detectors. The measured performance agrees with electromagnetic simulations and is comparable to that of direct-machined metal feedhorns. A sympathetic reader would care because this extends an established fabrication approach to the frequencies needed for next-generation submillimeter cameras that require thousands of detectors.

Core claim

The paper demonstrates silicon-platelet feedhorns at submillimeter wavelengths for the first time, including in the 850 GHz band that represents a threefold frequency increase over prior devices. Fabrication metrology, room-temperature beammaps, and cryogenic optical efficiency measurements with prototype detectors show that performance matches simulation and compares directly to traditional direct-machined metal feedhorns.

What carries the argument

Silicon-platelet feedhorn arrays formed by stacking and bonding photolithographically etched silicon plates to create precise horn apertures and tapers.

Load-bearing premise

Room-temperature and cryogenic laboratory measurements with prototype detectors accurately represent the on-sky performance and long-term stability of the feedhorns at submillimeter wavelengths in the actual telescope environment.

What would settle it

On-sky beam maps or optical efficiency measurements from the completed Prime-Cam instrument that deviate significantly from the reported laboratory results and simulations.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.22075 by Anna Vaskuri, Anthony I. Huber, Cody J. Duell, James Beall, James R. Burgoyne, Jason Austermann, Jeffrey van Lanen, Joel N. Ullom, Johannes Hubmayr, Jordan Wheeler, Matthew A. Koc, Michael D. Niemack, Michael Vissers, Scott Chapman, Steve Choi.

**Figure 1.** Figure 1: The CCAT 350 GHz feedhorn design optimized for performance view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: The CCAT 850 GHz feedhorn designs and initial prototypes. (a) The view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: A full production CCAT 350 GHz feedhorn array (left) and 850 GHz array (right). The arrays are produced using multiple etched, sputtered, stacked, view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: A wire-saw diced 850 GHz prototype feedhorn sub-array. All exposed view at source ↗

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: A focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) cross view at source ↗

**Figure 6.** Figure 6: Beam profile measurements (filled regions and data points) of the view at source ↗

**Figure 8.** Figure 8: The CCAT 850 GHz prototype measurement setup. Prototype 850 GHz view at source ↗

read the original abstract

Silicon-platelet feedhorn arrays are an established technology at millimeter wavelengths that, for some applications, can provide significant advantages over traditional direct-machined metal feedhorns. The Prime-Cam focal planes operating in the 350 GHz ($\sim$860 $\mathrm{\mu}$m) and 850 GHz ($\sim$350 $\mathrm{\mu}$m) bands are anticipated to carry the first silicon-platelet feedhorn arrays to operate fully at submillimeter wavelengths, representing a significant step forward in the application of this technology. In particular, the feedhorns designed for operation in the 850 GHz band represent a 3x increase in frequency compared to previously demonstrated and deployed devices of this type. Here we present a demonstration of silicon-platelet feedhorns at these submillimeter wavelengths, including in-lab performance characterization. We present fabrication metrology, room-temperature beammaps, and cryogenic optical efficiency measurements where the feedhorns are coupled to prototype CCAT Prime-Cam detectors. We show that feedhorn performance measurements are well matched to simulation and compare that performance directly to traditional, direct-machined metal feedhorns.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

Silicon-platelet feedhorns work at 850 GHz in the lab and match both simulations and metal horns, but the results stay at the prototype stage.

read the letter

The main news is the frequency extension: these are the first silicon-platelet feedhorns shown at 850 GHz, a 3x jump over earlier versions, with lab data that lines up with electromagnetic simulations and performs about as well as direct-machined metal horns. They report fabrication metrology, room-temperature beam maps, and cryogenic efficiency tests using prototype detectors coupled to the horns. The direct comparison to metal horns is the most useful part for anyone weighing the two approaches for submillimeter arrays like Prime-Cam. That kind of side-by-side check is concrete and helps judge whether the silicon route is worth the fabrication effort at these wavelengths. The measurements are presented as consistent with models, which is the core claim. For an instrumentation demonstration this is straightforward and on point. The soft spots are mostly about scope. Everything is still lab work—room temperature and cryogenic bench tests with prototypes. There is no on-sky data, no long-term stability results, and no discussion of how the horns behave once installed in the actual telescope environment with its thermal cycling and background conditions. The abstract does not show error bars or raw datasets, so the tightness of the simulation match is hard to judge from the summary alone. The weakest link is the assumption that these controlled-lab results will translate cleanly to deployed performance. This paper is aimed at the submillimeter instrumentation crowd, especially groups building large focal planes for telescopes like CCAT. People who need to decide between fabrication methods for 350–850 GHz bands will get practical information from the metrology and test descriptions. It is solid enough on its own terms to deserve a serious referee who can look at the full datasets and fabrication details. I would send it to peer review rather than desk reject.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents a laboratory demonstration of silicon-platelet feedhorn arrays for submillimeter wavelengths, specifically for the 350 GHz and 850 GHz bands of the CCAT Prime-Cam instrument. It details the fabrication process with metrology, room-temperature beam mapping, and cryogenic optical efficiency tests using prototype detectors. The key result is that the measured performance agrees well with electromagnetic simulations and is directly comparable to that of traditional direct-machined metal feedhorns.

Significance. This demonstration extends silicon-platelet technology to submillimeter frequencies, representing a threefold increase in operating frequency over prior work. Successful validation in the lab supports its potential use in large focal plane arrays for submillimeter astronomy, offering possible benefits in manufacturing scalability and performance consistency for instruments like Prime-Cam.

major comments (2)

[Cryogenic measurements and abstract] Cryogenic optical efficiency measurements: The abstract and results claim that performance measurements are 'well matched to simulation' and allow direct comparison to metal feedhorns, but the presented data lack error bars, quantitative agreement metrics (e.g., RMS residuals or percentage differences), and details on the number of devices tested or exclusion criteria. This directly affects the verifiability of the central experimental claim.
[Room-temperature beammaps] Room-temperature beammaps: The beammap results are stated to match simulations, yet the figures and text provide no statistical comparison or full dataset summary, making it difficult to assess the strength and reproducibility of the agreement that underpins the technology demonstration.

minor comments (2)

[Abstract] The abstract would benefit from specifying the number of feedhorns and detectors characterized to contextualize the sample size for the reported matches.
[Fabrication metrology] Fabrication metrology section: A summary table of measured vs. designed dimensions with tolerances would improve clarity and allow readers to evaluate fabrication precision at these small scales.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their detailed and constructive comments on our manuscript. We have carefully considered each point and revised the paper to enhance the presentation of our experimental results.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: [Cryogenic measurements and abstract] Cryogenic optical efficiency measurements: The abstract and results claim that performance measurements are 'well matched to simulation' and allow direct comparison to metal feedhorns, but the presented data lack error bars, quantitative agreement metrics (e.g., RMS residuals or percentage differences), and details on the number of devices tested or exclusion criteria. This directly affects the verifiability of the central experimental claim.

Authors: We agree that including error bars, quantitative agreement metrics, and details on the number of devices tested would improve the verifiability of our central claims. In the revised manuscript, we have added error bars to the cryogenic optical efficiency data in the figures and text. We have also included quantitative metrics such as RMS residuals and percentage differences between measured and simulated efficiencies. We now specify the number of devices tested and note that no devices were excluded from the analysis. These additions allow readers to better assess the agreement with simulations and the comparison to metal feedhorns. revision: yes
Referee: [Room-temperature beammaps] Room-temperature beammaps: The beammap results are stated to match simulations, yet the figures and text provide no statistical comparison or full dataset summary, making it difficult to assess the strength and reproducibility of the agreement that underpins the technology demonstration.

Authors: We agree that a statistical comparison and full dataset summary would help assess the strength of the beammap agreement. In the revised manuscript, we have added a statistical comparison of the beammap results, including RMS differences between measured and simulated patterns. We have also provided a summary of the full dataset, including key parameters for all measured devices. This revision supports the reproducibility and agreement with simulations. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; pure experimental validation

full rationale

The paper presents fabrication metrology, room-temperature beam maps, and cryogenic optical-efficiency measurements of silicon-platelet feedhorns at submillimeter wavelengths, showing these data match independent electromagnetic simulations and allow direct comparison to separately fabricated metal feedhorns. No derivation chain, fitted parameters renamed as predictions, self-definitional equations, or load-bearing self-citations appear in the reported results. The central claims are empirical demonstrations against external benchmarks (simulations and metal-horn controls), with no reduction of outputs to inputs by construction. This is the expected outcome for a technology-demonstration manuscript.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The work rests on standard electromagnetic modeling and established silicon fabrication processes; the key untested assumption is that lab conditions translate to telescope performance.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Electromagnetic simulations accurately predict real-device performance at 350-850 GHz
Invoked when claiming measurements are well matched to simulation

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5566 in / 1052 out tokens · 21279 ms · 2026-05-08T13:39:09.733484+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

29 extracted references · 5 canonical work pages

[1]

Corrugated silicon platelet feed horn array for CMB polarimetry at 150 GHz,

J. W. Britton, J. P. Nibarger, K. W. Yoon, J. A. Beall, D. Becker, H.-M. Cho, G. C. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, M. D. Niemack, and K. D. Irwin, “Corrugated silicon platelet feed horn array for CMB polarimetry at 150 GHz,” inSociety of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, ser. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C...

2010
[2]

An 84 pixel all-silicon corrugated feedhorn for cmb measurements,

J. P. Nibarger, J. A. Beall, D. Becker, J. Britton, H.-M. Cho, A. Fox, G. C. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, D. Li, J. McMahonet al., “An 84 pixel all-silicon corrugated feedhorn for cmb measurements,”Journal of Low Temperature Physics, vol. 167, no. 3-4, pp. 522–527, 2012

2012
[3]

The design and characterization of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for advanced actpol,

S. M. Simon, J. Austermann, J. A. Beall, S. K. Choi, K. P. Coughlin, S. M. Duff, P. A. Gallardo, S. W. Henderson, F. B. Hills, S.-P. P. Ho et al., “The design and characterization of wideband spline-profiled feedhorns for advanced actpol,” inMillimeter, Submillimeter, and Far- Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, vol. 9914. SPIE, 201...

2016
[4]

Feedhorn development and scalability for simons observatory and beyond,

S. M. Simon, J. E. Golec, A. Ali, J. Austermann, J. A. Beall, S. M. M. Bruno, S. K. Choi, K. T. Crowley, S. Dicker, B. Doberet al., “Feedhorn development and scalability for simons observatory and beyond,” inMil- limeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy IX, vol. 10708. SPIE, 2018, pp. 1145–1156

2018
[5]

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: CMB polarization at 200-l-9000,

S. Naess, M. Hasselfield, J. McMahon, M. D. Niemack, G. E. Addison, P. A. R. Ade, R. Allison, M. Amiri, N. Battaglia, J. A. Beall, F. de Bernardis, J. R. Bond, J. Britton, E. Calabrese, H.-m. Cho, K. Coughlin, D. Crichton, S. Das, R. Datta, M. J. Devlin, S. R. Dicker, J. Dunkley, R. D ¨unner, J. W. Fowler, A. E. Fox, P. Gallardo, E. Grace, M. Gralla, A. H...

2014
[6]

Measurements of Sub-degree B-mode 9 Polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background from 100 Square Degrees of SPTpol Data,

R. Keisler, S. Hoover, N. Harrington, J. W. Henning, P. A. R. Ade, K. A. Aird, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Chang, H. C. Chiang, H.-M. Cho, R. Citron, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, W. Everett, J. Gallicchio, J. Gao, E. M. George, A. Gilbert, N. W. Halverson, D. Hans...

2015
[7]

Readout of two-kilopixel transition-edge sensor arrays for Advanced ACTPol,

S. W. Henderson, J. R. Stevens, M. Amiri, J. Austermann, J. A. Beall, S. Chaudhuri, H.-M. Cho, S. K. Choi, N. F. Cothard, K. T. Crowley, S. M. Duff, C. P. Fitzgerald, P. A. Gallardo, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, S.-P. P. Ho, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, B. J. Koopman, D. Li, Y . Li, J. McMahon, F. Nati, M. Niemack, C. D. Reintsema, M. Salatino, A. S...

2016
[8]

The optical design of the litebird middle and high frequency telescope,

L. Lamagna, J. E. Gudmundsson, H. Imada, P. Hargrave, C. Franceschet, M. De Petris, J. Austermann, S. Bounissou, F. Columbro, P. de Bernardis et al., “The optical design of the litebird middle and high frequency telescope,” inSpace Telescopes and Instrumentation 2020: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, vol. 11443. SPIE, 2020, pp. 1129– 1145

2020
[9]

Design of 280 ghz feedhorn-coupled tes arrays for the balloon- borne polarimeter spider,

J. Hubmayr, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, D. T. Becker, S. J. Benton, A. S. Bergman, J. R. Bond, S. Bryan, S. M. Duff, A. J. Duivenvoorden et al., “Design of 280 ghz feedhorn-coupled tes arrays for the balloon- borne polarimeter spider,”arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.09396, 2016

work page arXiv 2016
[10]

Millimeter-wave polarimeters using kinetic inductance detectors for TolTEC and beyond,

J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, S. A. Bryan, B. Dober, J. Gao, G. Hilton, J. Hubmayr, P. Mauskopf, C. M. McKenney, S. M. Simonet al., “Millimeter-wave polarimeters using kinetic inductance detectors for TolTEC and beyond,”Journal of Low Temperature Physics, vol. 193, no. 3, pp. 120–127, 2018

2018
[11]

Ccat: Comparisons of 280 ghz TiN and Al kinetic inductance detector arrays,

C. J. Duell, J. Austermann, J. Beall, J. R. Burgoyne, S. C. Chapman, S. K. Choi, R. G. Freundt, J. Gao, C. Groppi, A. I. Huberet al., “Ccat: Comparisons of 280 ghz TiN and Al kinetic inductance detector arrays,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.06828, 2024

work page arXiv 2024
[12]

Feedhorn-coupled tes polarimeter camera modules at 150 ghz for cmb polarization mea- surements with sptpol,

J. Henning, P. Ade, K. Aird, J. Austermann, J. Beall, D. Becker, B. Benson, L. Bleem, J. Britton, J. Carlstromet al., “Feedhorn-coupled tes polarimeter camera modules at 150 ghz for cmb polarization mea- surements with sptpol,” inMillimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, vol. 8452. SPIE, 2012, pp. 986–1000

2012
[13]

The atacama cosmology telescope: The polarization-sensitive actpol instrument,

R. J. Thornton, P. A. R. Ade, S. Aiola, F. E. Angile, M. Amiri, J. A. Beall, D. T. Becker, H. M. Cho, S. K. Choi, P. Corlieset al., “The atacama cosmology telescope: The polarization-sensitive actpol instrument,”The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 227, no. 2, p. 21, 2016

2016
[14]

Prime-Cam: A first-light instrument for the CCAT-prime telescope,

E. M. Vavagiakis, Z. Ahmed, A. Ali, K. Basu, N. Battaglia, F. Bertoldi, R. Bond, R. Bustos, S. C. Chapman, D. Chunget al., “Prime-Cam: A first-light instrument for the CCAT-prime telescope,” inMillimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for As- tronomy IX, vol. 10708. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2018, p. 107081U

2018
[15]

Ccat-prime: the fred young submillimeter telescope (fyst) final design and fabrication,

S. C. Parshley, S. Gramke, R. Higgins, J. Kronshage, K. Steeger, and K. Willmeroth, “Ccat-prime: the fred young submillimeter telescope (fyst) final design and fabrication,” inGround-based and Airborne Telescopes IX, vol. 12182. SPIE, 2022, pp. 543–550

2022
[16]

Characterization of high-frequency tes detectors and silicon platelet feedhorns for litebird,

S. Stevensonet al., “Characterization of high-frequency tes detectors and silicon platelet feedhorns for litebird,” inIn Prep - These Proceedings. LTD, 2025

2025
[17]

Conceptual design of the modular detector and readout system for the cmb-s4 survey experiment,

D. R. Barron, Z. Ahmed, J. Aguilar, A. Anderson, C. Baker, P. Barry, J. Beall, A. N. Bender, B. Benson, R. Besuneret al., “Conceptual design of the modular detector and readout system for the cmb-s4 survey experiment,”arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.02284, 2022

work page arXiv 2022
[18]

280-GHz aluminum MKID arrays for the Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope,

A. K. Vaskuri, J. D. Wheeler, J. E. Austermann, M. R. Vissers, J. A. Beall, J. Burgoyne, V . Butler, S. Chapman, S. K. Choi, A. Crites, C. J. Duell, R. Freundt, A. Huber, Z. B. Huber, J. Hubmayr, J. Imrek, B. Keller, L. Lin, A. Middleton, M. D. Niemack, T. Nikola, D. Scott, A. Sinclair, E. Smith, G. Stacey, J. Ullom, J. van Lanen, E. M. Vavagiakis, S. Wal...

work page doi:10.1117/1.jatis.11.2.026005 2025
[19]

Actpol: on-sky performance and characterization,

E. Grace, J. Beall, J. Bond, H. Cho, R. Datta, M. Devlin, R. D ¨unner, A. Fox, P. Gallardo, M. Hasselfieldet al., “Actpol: on-sky performance and characterization,” inMillimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, vol. 9153. SPIE, 2014, pp. 298–310

2014
[20]

Advanced ACTpol cryogenic detector arrays and readout,

S. Henderson, R. Allison, J. Austermann, T. Baildon, N. Battaglia, J. Beall, D. Becker, F. De Bernardis, J. Bond, E. Calabreseet al., “Advanced ACTpol cryogenic detector arrays and readout,”Journal of Low Temperature Physics, vol. 184, no. 3-4, pp. 772–779, 2016

2016
[21]

The TolTEC camera: an overview of the instrument and in-lab testing results,

G. W. Wilson, S. Abi-Saad, P. Ade, I. Aretxaga, J. Austermann, Y . Ban, J. Bardin, J. Beall, M. Berthoud, S. Bryanet al., “The TolTEC camera: an overview of the instrument and in-lab testing results,” inMillimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for As- tronomy X, vol. 11453. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2...

2020
[22]

280 GHz focal plane unit design and characterization for the SPIDER-2 suborbital polarimeter,

A. Bergman, P. Ade, S. Akers, M. Amiri, J. Austermann, J. Beall, D. Becker, S. Benton, J. Bock, J. Bondet al., “280 GHz focal plane unit design and characterization for the SPIDER-2 suborbital polarimeter,” Journal of Low Temperature Physics, vol. 193, no. 5, pp. 1075–1084, 2018

2018
[23]

SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements with the South Pole Telescope,

J. E. Austermann, K. A. Aird, J. A. Beall, D. Becker, A. Bender, B. A. Benson, L. E. Bleem, J. Britton, J. E. Carlstrom, C. L. Changet al., “SPTpol: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements with the South Pole Telescope,” inMillimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, vol. 8452. SPIE, 2012, pp. 393–410

2012
[24]

A review of metal mesh filters,

P. A. R. Ade, G. Pisano, C. Tucker, and S. Weaver, “A review of metal mesh filters,” vol. 6275, 2006, pp. 62 750U–62 750U–15. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.673162

work page doi:10.1117/12.673162 2006
[25]

CCAT-prime: The 850 GHz camera for Prime-Cam on FYST,

S. Chapman, “CCAT-prime: The 850 GHz camera for Prime-Cam on FYST,” inAmerican Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, ser. American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, vol. 55, Jan. 2023, p. 346.03

2023
[26]

Development of silicon micromachined waveguide filter-banks for on-chip spectrometers,

M. A. Koc, J. Austermann, J. Beall, J. Hubmayr, J. N. Ullom, M. Vissers, and J. Wheeler, “Development of silicon micromachined waveguide filter-banks for on-chip spectrometers,”IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2026

2026
[27]

The surface impedance of superconductors and normal met- als at high frequencies ii. the anomalous skin effect in normal metals,

A. Pippard, “The surface impedance of superconductors and normal met- als at high frequencies ii. the anomalous skin effect in normal metals,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 191, no. 1026, pp. 385–399, 1947

1947
[28]

Development of a submillimeter double-ridged waveguide ortho- mode transducer (omt) for the 385–500 ghz band,

M. Kamikura, M. Naruse, S. Asayama, N. Satou, W. Shan, and Y . Seki- moto, “Development of a submillimeter double-ridged waveguide ortho- mode transducer (omt) for the 385–500 ghz band,”Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 697–707, 2010

2010
[29]

The blast observatory: A sensitivity study for far-ir balloon-borne polarimeters,

G. Coppi, S. Dicker, J. E. Aguirre, J. E. Austermann, J. A. Beall, S. E. Clark, E. G. Cox, M. J. Devlin, L. M. Fissel, N. Galitzkiet al., “The blast observatory: A sensitivity study for far-ir balloon-borne polarimeters,” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, vol. 136, no. 3, p. 035003, 2024

2024