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arxiv: 2604.28101 · v1 · submitted 2026-04-30 · 💻 cs.SE

Beyond Code, We Are People: A Systematic Mapping of 25 Years of Literature on Soft Skills in Agile Development Teams

Israely Lima , Lucas Moura Louren\c{c}o , M\'arcio Ribeiro , Ivan Machado , Carla Ilane Bezerra This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-07 07:31 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 💻 cs.SE
keywords soft skillsagile developmentsystematic mappingScrumteamworkcommunicationadaptabilitysoftware teams
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The pith

Communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership recur as key soft skills across 25 years of agile development studies.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper maps 97 studies from 2000 to 2025 to catalog non-technical competencies that support agile teams. It finds that communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership appear most often and link to specific roles within teams. Scrum stands out as the dominant agile approach covered in the reviewed work. The mapping also flags clear gaps, especially limited attention to soft skills that differ by role. These patterns help clarify how human factors contribute to software project effectiveness alongside technical work.

Core claim

This systematic mapping of 97 studies identifies communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership as the most recurring soft skills in agile contexts, shows their associations with different team roles, establishes Scrum as the primary agile approach discussed, and highlights the absence of detailed research on role-specific soft skills as a major gap in the literature.

What carries the argument

Systematic mapping of 97 selected studies from major databases, used to categorize recurring competencies, link them to roles, and surface gaps over the 25-year span.

If this is right

  • Training and development programs can target communication and leadership to strengthen agile team outcomes.
  • Computing curricula can incorporate these competencies to prepare students for collaborative project environments.
  • Practitioners can map the identified skills to roles when building or assessing teams.
  • Research efforts can prioritize filling the noted gap in role-specific soft skill analysis.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Teams that develop these skills alongside technical abilities may achieve more consistent project delivery in changing conditions.
  • Remote and distributed agile work could amplify the importance of adaptability and clear communication.
  • Examining how these soft skills interact with new tools such as automated planning aids would extend the current findings.

Load-bearing premise

The 97 studies captured through database searches form a representative sample of the full literature on soft skills in agile development without major bias from search terms or coverage limits.

What would settle it

Locating a substantial body of additional peer-reviewed studies from the same period that were missed by the searches and that report markedly different sets of recurring soft skills or agile approaches.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2604.28101 by Carla Ilane Bezerra, Israely Lima, Ivan Machado, Lucas Moura Louren\c{c}o, M\'arcio Ribeiro.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Study search and selection process view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Frequency per year negotiate, and share responsibilities is crucial for teams to achieve collective goals through iterations and increments. Leadership (45 mentions, 46.3%) also stands out, but as a distributed competency among team members who assume roles of facilitation, motivation, and decision-making. This reinforces the concept of shared leader￾ship, which is typical of self-organizing teams. Adaptab… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Software development is a sociotechnical and human-centered endeavor in which human factors directly influence quality, productivity, and innovation capacity. In this context, career development in computing goes beyond technical mastery, requiring competencies that enable professionals to deal with continuous change and collaborative demands. Among these, non-technical skills (soft skills) stand out, encompassing social, emotional, and communicational dimensions essential to team effectiveness and the success of software projects. Despite their recognized importance, there is still a need for a systematic mapping of the most relevant soft skills over the past 25 years, a period marked by the adoption of agile approaches in industry. This gap limits the integration of human and technical aspects in software development. This study presents a systematic mapping of the literature, analyzing 97 studies published between January 2000 and May 2025 across major scientific databases. The results identify recurring competencies such as communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership, as well as their association with different roles in agile contexts. The main agile approaches adopted, particularly Scrum, are also identified, along with key gaps in the literature, such as the lack of studies on role specific soft skills. The findings can support researchers, educators, and practitioners in designing curricula, training strategies, and organizational practices aligned with human factors, reinforcing the importance of integrating social and technical dimensions in the development of collaborative and innovative professionals.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript conducts a systematic mapping study of soft skills in agile development teams, reviewing 97 studies published between January 2000 and May 2025. It identifies recurring competencies such as communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership and their associations with different roles in agile contexts, notes the prevalence of Scrum among agile approaches, and highlights gaps including the lack of research on role-specific soft skills. The work positions these findings as guidance for curricula, training, and organizational practices that integrate human and technical factors in software development.

Significance. If the 97-study sample is shown to be representative through transparent, replicable methods, the mapping would provide a useful consolidation of 25 years of research on non-technical competencies in agile teams. It could inform software engineering education and practice by linking specific soft skills to roles and agile frameworks while flagging under-studied areas. The topic aligns with growing interest in sociotechnical aspects of software engineering, but the current lack of methodological detail prevents the claims from being evaluated or built upon.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and Methods section] Abstract and Methods section: The abstract states that 97 studies were analyzed from major scientific databases but supplies no information on search protocols, search strings, databases queried, inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality assessment, data extraction, or synthesis methods. This is load-bearing for the central claims because the identification of recurring skills, role associations, Scrum dominance, and literature gaps rests entirely on the assumption that the 97 papers constitute a comprehensive, unbiased capture of the 2000–2025 literature. Standard SMS guidelines require explicit reporting of these steps to allow assessment of selection bias and replicability.
  2. [Results section] Results section: The claims that communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership are the 'recurring competencies' and that role-specific soft skills constitute a key gap are presented without supporting quantitative or qualitative evidence such as frequency counts, tables showing study distribution by skill or role, or explicit synthesis from the primary studies. Without these details, it is impossible to determine whether the patterns reflect the broader literature or are artifacts of the (undescribed) sampling frame.
minor comments (3)
  1. [Title] Title: The title states '25 Years of Literature' while the abstract specifies January 2000 to May 2025; consider revising for exact alignment or clarifying the precise temporal scope.
  2. [Introduction] Introduction: The motivation is clear, but the positioning would be strengthened by brief reference to any prior systematic reviews or mappings on soft skills or human factors in software engineering to better articulate novelty.
  3. [Overall] Overall presentation: Ensure that any tables or figures summarizing skills, roles, or agile approaches are explicitly referenced in the text and include clear captions with units or counts where applicable.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

Thank you for your constructive and detailed review of our manuscript. We appreciate the emphasis on methodological transparency and evidential support, which are essential for a systematic mapping study. We address each major comment point by point below, indicating where revisions will be made to strengthen the paper while preserving its core contributions.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract and Methods section] Abstract and Methods section: The abstract states that 97 studies were analyzed from major scientific databases but supplies no information on search protocols, search strings, databases queried, inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality assessment, data extraction, or synthesis methods. This is load-bearing for the central claims because the identification of recurring skills, role associations, Scrum dominance, and literature gaps rests entirely on the assumption that the 97 papers constitute a comprehensive, unbiased capture of the 2000–2025 literature. Standard SMS guidelines require explicit reporting of these steps to allow assessment of selection bias and replicability.

    Authors: We agree that explicit, replicable reporting of the search and selection process is fundamental to validating the representativeness of the 97 studies. The full manuscript contains a Methods section outlining the overall SMS approach (following established guidelines such as those by Petersen et al.), including databases queried, high-level inclusion/exclusion criteria, and thematic synthesis. However, we acknowledge that greater specificity is needed to fully address potential selection bias concerns. In the revised version, we will: expand the abstract with a concise methods summary; provide the precise search strings and Boolean operators; include a PRISMA flow diagram detailing paper counts at each filtering stage; and elaborate on data extraction (e.g., coding scheme for soft skills and roles) and quality assessment procedures. These additions will enable readers to evaluate the sample's comprehensiveness without changing the identified competencies or gaps. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Results section] Results section: The claims that communication, adaptability, teamwork, and leadership are the 'recurring competencies' and that role-specific soft skills constitute a key gap are presented without supporting quantitative or qualitative evidence such as frequency counts, tables showing study distribution by skill or role, or explicit synthesis from the primary studies. Without these details, it is impossible to determine whether the patterns reflect the broader literature or are artifacts of the (undescribed) sampling frame.

    Authors: We thank the referee for this observation, which highlights an opportunity to make the synthesis more transparent. The Results section currently derives the recurring competencies and gaps from a thematic analysis across the 97 studies, but we concur that explicit quantitative backing would strengthen verifiability. In the revision, we will add: a summary table with frequency counts and percentages for each soft skill (e.g., communication appearing in X studies); a distribution table or chart by agile approach (quantifying Scrum prevalence); role-specific associations with example citations or excerpts from primary studies; and an expanded discussion of literature gaps, including counts of studies addressing (or omitting) role-specific skills. These elements will directly link the claims to the underlying data, allowing assessment of whether patterns are representative. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: descriptive synthesis of 97 external studies

full rationale

This systematic mapping study derives its claims by applying standard search, selection, and thematic synthesis steps to 97 independently published papers retrieved from scientific databases. No equations, fitted parameters, predictions, or uniqueness theorems appear in the derivation chain. The identification of recurring competencies (communication, adaptability, teamwork, leadership) and gaps (role-specific skills) is an aggregation of content reported in the selected external literature, not a reduction to the paper's own inputs or self-citations. The representativeness of the sample affects external validity but does not create self-definitional, fitted-input, or self-citation-load-bearing circularity. The process is self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim depends on the assumption that the 97 studies form a representative sample of the literature; this rests on standard systematic mapping protocols rather than new axioms or invented entities.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Systematic mapping studies in software engineering follow established protocols such as those by Petersen or Kitchenham for searching, selecting, and analyzing literature.
    The paper implicitly relies on standard SMS methodology to justify the analysis of 97 studies and identification of patterns and gaps.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5570 in / 1600 out tokens · 70482 ms · 2026-05-07T07:31:13.709156+00:00 · methodology

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