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arxiv: 2605.18524 · v1 · pith:LTRZJ6EYnew · submitted 2026-05-18 · ❄️ cond-mat.str-el · cond-mat.supr-con

Interlayer electronic coherence links magnetism and superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates

Feiyang Liu , Lixing Chen , Enkang Zhang , Ying-Jie Zhang , Jun Zhao This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-20 08:39 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.supr-con
keywords Ruddlesden-Popper nickelatesinterlayer electronic coherencesuperconductivityresistivity anisotropymagnetic ordersdensity wave orderselectronic transport
0
0 comments X

The pith

Across the RP nickelate series, maximum superconducting Tc under pressure is inversely correlated with ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reports high-precision measurements of in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities in bilayer and trilayer Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates using a six-terminal geometry on single crystals. This approach reveals strong intrinsic electronic anisotropy and a nonmonotonic temperature dependence in the out-of-plane resistivity indicating a coherent-to-incoherent crossover in interlayer transport. The central result is that the maximum superconducting transition temperature observed under pressure decreases as the ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy increases across the series. This points to stronger interlayer electronic coherence as beneficial for superconductivity. Out-of-plane resistivity also acts as a sensitive probe for magnetic and density-wave orders.

Core claim

The authors show that stronger interlayer electronic coherence, as indicated by lower resistivity anisotropy at ambient pressure, is associated with higher maximum superconducting transition temperatures under pressure in Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates. Their six-terminal transport measurements on the same crystal minimize artifacts and demonstrate that out-of-plane resistivity exhibits pronounced anomalies at magnetic transitions while in-plane resistivity does not. These findings establish interlayer coherence as a key parameter that links magnetism and superconductivity in this family of materials.

What carries the argument

Resistivity anisotropy (ratio of out-of-plane to in-plane resistivity) measured with six-terminal geometry, which quantifies interlayer electronic coherence.

If this is right

  • Microscopic theories must treat interlayer coherence as an important factor influencing the superconducting state in nickelates.
  • Magnetic and density-wave orders manifest more clearly in interlayer transport than in in-plane transport.
  • The coherent-to-incoherent crossover in interlayer transport is a universal feature across bilayer and trilayer nickelates.
  • Optimizing interlayer coherence could be a route to enhancing superconductivity under pressure.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • These results suggest that efforts to reduce stacking faults or improve crystal quality could enhance coherence and thus Tc.
  • Similar transport anisotropy studies might reveal analogous links in other layered high-Tc superconductors such as cuprates.
  • The sensitivity of out-of-plane resistivity makes it a promising tool for mapping phase diagrams in related nickelate systems.

Load-bearing premise

The six-terminal geometry fully eliminates current-redistribution artifacts so that resistivity anisotropy directly measures intrinsic interlayer electronic coherence rather than being affected by defects or surface effects.

What would settle it

Finding a positive correlation or no correlation between resistivity anisotropy and maximum Tc in additional high-quality RP nickelate crystals would challenge the reported inverse relationship.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.18524 by Enkang Zhang, Feiyang Liu, Jun Zhao, Lixing Chen, Ying-Jie Zhang.

Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Low temperature resistivities of La4Ni3O10, Pr4Ni3O10, and La3Ni2O7. Both in-plane and out-of￾plane resistivities exhibit Fermi-liquid behavior at low temperatures for all three compounds. Data for Pr4Ni3O10 are taken from warming measurements [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: (a) Temperature dependence of the resistivity anisotropy 𝛾𝜌 ≡ 𝜌⊥/𝜌∥ for La4Ni3O10, Pr4Ni3O10, and La3Ni2O7. Data for Pr4Ni3O10 are taken from warming measurements. (b) Out-of-plane thermal expansion of La4Ni3O10, showing lattice contraction along the c*-direction upon cooling through the concomitant CDW/SDW transition. (c) Correlation between the low-temperature (2K) transport anisotropy 𝛾𝜌 and the maximum… view at source ↗
read the original abstract

The extent to which electronic dimensionality influences magnetism and superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) nickelates remains unsettled. Here we report high-precision crystallographic-axis-resolved dc transport measurements on high-quality single crystals of bilayer and trilayer RP nickelates. Using a six-terminal geometry, we self-consistently determine the intrinsic in-plane ($\rho_\parallel$) and out-of-plane ($\rho_\bot$) resistivities on the same crystal, while minimizing uncertainties associated with current redistribution in highly anisotropic conductors. We uncover strong intrinsic electronic anisotropy in both bilayer and trilayer nickelates, in contrast to the weak anisotropy inferred from conventional four-probe measurements. Moreover, $\rho_\bot$ exhibits a nonmonotonic temperature dependence, revealing a universal coherent-to-incoherent crossover in interlayer transport. Across the RP nickelate series, the maximum superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) observed under pressure is inversely correlated with the ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy, suggesting that stronger interlayer electronic coherence is favorable for superconductivity. In addition, $\rho_\bot$ serves as an exceptionally sensitive and selective probe of magnetic and density-wave orders, exhibiting pronounced anomalies, whereas only weak signatures are observed in $\rho_\parallel$. Our results highlight interlayer coherence as a key organizing parameter that both tracks the relevant magnetic correlations and is closely tied to superconductivity, providing stringent constraints on microscopic theories of high-$T_c$ superconductivity in nickelates.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports high-precision crystallographic-axis-resolved dc transport measurements on high-quality single crystals of bilayer and trilayer Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates using a six-terminal geometry. This self-consistent approach determines intrinsic in-plane (ρ∥) and out-of-plane (ρ⊥) resistivities on the same crystal while minimizing current-redistribution uncertainties. The work reveals strong intrinsic electronic anisotropy, a nonmonotonic temperature dependence in ρ⊥ indicating a coherent-to-incoherent crossover in interlayer transport, and an inverse correlation between the maximum pressure-induced Tc and ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy across the RP nickelate series. This correlation is interpreted as evidence that stronger interlayer electronic coherence favors superconductivity. Additionally, ρ⊥ exhibits pronounced anomalies at magnetic and density-wave orders, unlike the weaker signatures in ρ∥.

Significance. If the reported inverse correlation is robust and the resistivity anisotropy serves as a reliable proxy for interlayer coherence, the result would be significant for understanding high-Tc superconductivity in nickelates by identifying interlayer electronic coherence as a key organizing parameter that links magnetism and superconductivity. The six-terminal measurement technique on the same crystal represents a methodological strength for obtaining reliable anisotropy data in highly anisotropic materials, offering more stringent constraints on microscopic theories than conventional four-probe approaches.

major comments (2)
  1. The central interpretation (Abstract) that the inverse correlation between maximum pressure-induced Tc and ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy indicates stronger interlayer electronic coherence favors superconductivity assumes that the six-terminal dc anisotropy (ρ⊥/ρ∥) directly indexes intrinsic coherent hopping. However, the manuscript provides no cross-check against momentum-resolved probes such as ARPES interlayer bandwidth or frequency-dependent conductivity to confirm this, leaving open the possibility that the correlation arises from compound-specific scattering, defects, or doping trends instead.
  2. The weakest assumption in the transport analysis is that the six-terminal geometry fully eliminates current-redistribution artifacts and that the resulting anisotropy is unaffected by stacking faults or surface effects. While the method is described as self-consistent, the paper should quantify residual uncertainties or provide additional controls (e.g., comparison to optical or ARPES data) to establish that ρ⊥/ρ∥ is a direct proxy for coherence rather than extrinsic factors, as this underpins the link to Tc.
minor comments (2)
  1. Clarify in the methods or results whether the nonmonotonic ρ⊥(T) crossover temperature is quantitatively consistent across all RP compounds or shows compound-specific variations.
  2. Ensure that error bars and statistical details of the Tc-anisotropy fit are explicitly reported to allow assessment of the correlation strength.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our work and the constructive major comments. We address each point below, clarifying our interpretation and indicating the revisions we will implement to strengthen the manuscript.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The central interpretation (Abstract) that the inverse correlation between maximum pressure-induced Tc and ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy indicates stronger interlayer electronic coherence favors superconductivity assumes that the six-terminal dc anisotropy (ρ⊥/ρ∥) directly indexes intrinsic coherent hopping. However, the manuscript provides no cross-check against momentum-resolved probes such as ARPES interlayer bandwidth or frequency-dependent conductivity to confirm this, leaving open the possibility that the correlation arises from compound-specific scattering, defects, or doping trends instead.

    Authors: We agree that additional cross-validation with momentum-resolved probes would further support the interpretation. The nonmonotonic temperature dependence of ρ⊥, featuring a peak that marks the coherent-to-incoherent crossover, provides internal transport evidence for coherent interlayer hopping at low T; such behavior is characteristic of systems with finite interlayer bandwidth and is not readily explained by scattering or defects alone. In the revised manuscript we will expand the discussion of this crossover and incorporate references to existing ARPES studies on Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates that report increasing interlayer bandwidth with layer number, consistent with the decreasing resistivity anisotropy we observe across the series. The reproducibility across multiple high-quality crystals and the selective sensitivity of ρ⊥ (but not ρ∥) to magnetic and density-wave orders further indicate that the measured anisotropy reflects intrinsic electronic properties rather than compound-specific extrinsic factors. We cannot add new ARPES or optical data on the identical crystals, as this work focuses on dc transport. revision: partial

  2. Referee: The weakest assumption in the transport analysis is that the six-terminal geometry fully eliminates current-redistribution artifacts and that the resulting anisotropy is unaffected by stacking faults or surface effects. While the method is described as self-consistent, the paper should quantify residual uncertainties or provide additional controls (e.g., comparison to optical or ARPES data) to establish that ρ⊥/ρ∥ is a direct proxy for coherence rather than extrinsic factors, as this underpins the link to Tc.

    Authors: We appreciate this suggestion. In the revision we will add a dedicated subsection that quantifies residual uncertainties in the six-terminal measurements, including estimates derived from crystal-to-crystal variation, internal self-consistency checks, and comparison with theoretical expectations for current redistribution in highly anisotropic conductors. We will explicitly argue that stacking faults and surface contributions are unlikely to dominate, given the bulk-sensitive nature of the dc transport, the high crystal quality, and the fact that such effects would not account for the observed temperature-dependent crossover or the pronounced, order-specific anomalies in ρ⊥. We will also cite and discuss relevant optical-conductivity literature on related nickelates that independently supports the large anisotropy values. These textual additions will reinforce that ρ⊥/ρ∥ serves as a reliable proxy for interlayer coherence. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: experimental correlation extracted directly from measured data

full rationale

The manuscript reports direct dc transport measurements of in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities on the same crystals using a six-terminal geometry, followed by an observed inverse correlation between the resulting ambient-pressure resistivity anisotropy and published maximum pressure-induced Tc values across the RP nickelate series. This correlation is presented as an empirical finding without any internal parameter fitting, self-referential equations, or derivation that reduces the central claim to its own inputs by construction. The suggestion that stronger interlayer coherence favors superconductivity is an interpretive comment on the trend rather than a predicted quantity forced by prior steps within the paper. No self-citations, ansatzes, or uniqueness theorems are invoked to support the load-bearing claim, and the work remains self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claims rest on standard assumptions of anisotropic transport theory and on the interpretation that measured resistivity anisotropy faithfully reports interlayer coherence; no free parameters or new entities are introduced in the abstract.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption Six-terminal geometry on a single crystal eliminates current-redistribution effects sufficiently to yield intrinsic rho_parallel and rho_perp.
    Invoked when the abstract states that the method minimizes uncertainties associated with current redistribution in highly anisotropic conductors.

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