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arxiv: 2605.19040 · v1 · pith:O3TEFO5Cnew · submitted 2026-05-18 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE · hep-ex

IceCube Second Track Data Release IceTracks-DR2: Data from 2008-2022 for Neutrino Source Searches

R. Abbasi , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , J.M. Alameddine , S. Ali , N. M. Amin
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K. Andeen C. Arg\"uelles Y. Ashida S. Athanasiadou S. N. Axani R. Babu X. Bai A. Balagopal V. S. W. Barwick V. Basu R. Bay J. J. Beatty J. Becker Tjus P. Behrens J. Beise C. Bellenghi S. Benkel S. BenZvi D. Berley E. Bernardini D. Z. Besson E. Blaufuss L. Bloom S. Blot F. Bontempo J. Y. Book Motzkin C. Boscolo Meneguolo S. B\"oser O. Botner J. B\"ottcher J. Braun B. Brinson Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis R. T. Burley D. Butterfield K. Carloni J. Carpio N. Chau Y. C. Chen Z. Chen D. Chirkin S. Choi A. Chubarov B. A. Clark G. H. Collin D. A. Coloma Borja A. Connolly J. M. Conrad D. F. Cowen C. De Clercq J. J. DeLaunay D. Delgado T. Delmeulle S. Deng P. Desiati K. D. de Vries G. de Wasseige T. DeYoung J. C. D\'iaz-V\'elez S. DiKerby T. Ding M. Dittmer A. Domi L. Draper L. Dueser D. Durnford K. Dutta M. A. DuVernois T. Ehrhardt L. Eidenschink A. Eimer C. Eldridge P. Eller E. Ellinger D. Els\"asser R. Engel H. Erpenbeck W. Esmail S. Eulig J. Evans P. A. Evenson K. L. Fan K. Fang K. Farrag A. R. Fazely A. Fedynitch N. Feigl C. Finley D. Fox A. Franckowiak S. Fukami P. F\"urst J. Gallagher E. Ganster A. Garcia M. Garcia E. Genton L. Gerhardt A. Ghadimi C. Glaser T. Gl\"usenkamp J. G. Gonzalez S. Goswami A. Granados D. Grant S. J. Gray S. Griffin K. M. Groth D. Guevel C. G\"unther P. Gutjahr C. Ha A. Hallgren L. Halve F. Halzen L. Hamacher M. Handt K. Hanson J. Hardin A. A. Harnisch P. Hatch A. Haungs J. H\"au{\ss}ler K. Helbing J. Hellrung B. Henke L. Hennig F. Henningsen L. Heuermann R. Hewett N. Heyer S. Hickford A. Hidvegi C. Hill G. C. Hill R. Hmaid K. D. Hoffman A. Hollnagel D. Hooper S. Hori K. Hoshina M. Hostert W. Hou M. Hrywniak T. Huber K. Hultqvist K. Hymon A. Ishihara W. Iwakiri M. Jacquart S. Jain O. Janik M. Jansson M. Jin N. Kamp D. Kang W. Kang A. Kappes L. Kardum T. Karg A. Karle A. Katil M. Kauer J. L. Kelley M. Khanal A. Khatee Zathul A. Kheirandish T. Kim H. Kimku F. Kirchner J. Kiryluk C. Klein S. R. Klein Y. Kobayashi S. Koch A. Kochocki R. Koirala H. Kolanoski T. Kontrimas L. K\"opke C. Kopper D. J. Koskinen P. Koundal M. Kowalski T. Kozynets A. Kravka N. Krieger T. Krishnan K. Kruiswijk E. Krupczak A. Kumar E. Kun N. Kurahashi C. Lagunas Gualda L. Lallement Arnaud M. J. Larson F. Lauber J. P. Lazar K. Leonard DeHolton A. Leszczy\'nska C. Li J. Liao C. Lin Q. R. Liu Y. T. Liu M. Liubarska C. Love L. Lu F. Lucarelli W. Luszczak Y. Lyu M. Macdonald E. Magnus Y. Makino E. Manao S. Mancina A. Mand I. C. Mari\c{s} S. Marka Z. Marka L. Marten I. Martinez-Soler R. Maruyama J. Mauro F. Mayhew F. McNally K. Meagher A. Medina M. Meier Y. Merckx L. Merten J. Mitchell L. Molchany S. Mondal T. Montaruli R. W. Moore Y. Morii A. Mosbrugger D. Mousadi E. Moyaux T. Mukherjee M. Nakos U. Naumann L. Neste M. Neumann H. Niederhausen M. U. Nisa K. Noda A. Noell A. Novikov A. Obertacke V. O'Dell A. Olivas R. Orsoe J. Osborn E. O'Sullivan B. Owens V. Palusova H. Pandya A. Parenti N. Park V. Parrish E. N. Paudel L. Paul C. P\'erez de los Heros T. Pernice T. C. Petersen J. Peterson S. Pick M. Plum A. Pont\'en V. Poojyam B. Pries R. Procter-Murphy G. T. Przybylski L. Pyras C. Raab J. Rack-Helleis N. Rad M. Ravn K. Rawlins Z. Rechav A. Rehman I. Reistroffer E. Resconi C. D. Rho W. Rhode L. Ricca B. Riedel A. Rifaie E. J. Roberts S. Rodan M. Rongen A. Rosted C. Rott T. Ruhe L. Ruohan D. Ryckbosch J. Saffer D. Salazar-Gallegos P. Sampathkumar A. Sandrock G. Sanger-Johnson M. Santander S. Sarkar M. Scarnera M. Schaufel H. Schieler S. Schindler L. Schlickmann B. Schl\"uter F. Schl\"uter N. Schmeisser T. Schmidt A. Scholz F. G. Schr\"oder S. Schwirn S. Sclafani D. Seckel L. Seen M. Seikh S. Seunarine P. A. Sevle Myhr R. Shah S. Shah S. Shefali N. Shimizu B. Skrzypek R. Snihur J. Soedingrekso D. Soldin P. Soldin G. Sommani D. Song C. Spannfellner G. M. Spiczak C. Spiering J. Stachurska M. Stamatikos T. Stanev T. Stezelberger T. St\"urwald T. Stuttard G. W. Sullivan I. Taboada S. Ter-Antonyan A. Terliuk A. Thakuri M. Thiesmeyer W. G. Thompson J. Thwaites S. Tilav K. Tollefson J. A. Torres S. Toscano D. Tosi K. Upshaw A. Vaidyanathan N. Valtonen-Mattila J. Valverde J. Vandenbroucke T. Van Eeden N. van Eijndhoven L. Van Rootselaar J. van Santen J. Vara F. Varsi M. Venugopal M. Vereecken S. Vergara Carrasco S. Verpoest D. Veske A. Vijai J. Villarreal C. Walck A. Wang E. H. S. Warrick C. Weaver P. Weigel A. Weindl J. Weldert A. Y. Wen C. Wendt J. Werthebach M. Weyrauch N. Whitehorn C. H. Wiebusch D. R. Williams L. Witthaus G. Wrede X. W. Xu J. P. Yanez Y. Yao E. Yildizci S. Yoshida R. Young F. Yu S. Yu T. Yuan S. Yun-C\'arcamo A. Zander Jurowitzki A. Zegarelli S. Zhang Z. Zhang P. Zhelnin P. Zilberman C. Zilleruelo Ca\~nas
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-20 07:43 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE hep-ex
keywords IceCubeneutrinosmuon tracksdata releasepoint-source searchesastrophysicscosmic neutrinos
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The pith

IceCube releases its most sensitive public muon track dataset covering 14 years of observations.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper releases an updated set of muon track events detected by IceCube from 2008 to 2022. The dataset extends earlier public releases by four years and applies refined event selection and calibration to later data. It comes with response functions that let users search for neutrino sources. Sympathetic readers care because the authors position this as the preferred dataset for future point-source analyses, with benchmarks to check reproducibility.

Core claim

The IceCube Second Track Data Release provides 14 years of muon track data for neutrino source searches, featuring an updated event selection and improved detector calibration for data after June 2010. This release includes binned instrument response functions and effective areas, and internal analyses confirm it offers higher sensitivity than prior versions.

What carries the argument

Updated event selection and improved detector calibration for post-June 2010 data that enhance sensitivity to neutrino point sources.

If this is right

  • Users can conduct more sensitive searches for both steady and transient neutrino sources.
  • Public benchmarks allow verification of analysis results with open software.
  • Community searches will benefit from the extended observation period and refined processing.
  • Comparisons validate the public binned functions against internal tools.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • This could enable tighter limits on the locations of cosmic neutrino accelerators when combined with other wavelengths.
  • Adoption might reduce systematic differences between different analysis groups using IceCube data.
  • Longer baseline data could help in studying time variability in potential sources.

Load-bearing premise

The updated event selection and improved detector calibration applied to post-June 2010 data correctly increase sensitivity and do not introduce unaccounted systematic biases that would affect point-source searches.

What would settle it

Demonstration that searches using the new release do not achieve higher sensitivity than the prior 10-year dataset or discovery of significant biases in the new calibration would challenge the central claim.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.19040 by A. A. Harnisch, A. Balagopal V., A. Chubarov, A. Connolly, A. Domi, A. Eimer, A. Fedynitch, A. Franckowiak, A. Garcia, A. Ghadimi, A. Granados, A. Hallgren, A. Haungs, A. Hidvegi, A. Hollnagel, A. Ishihara, A. Kappes, A. Karle, A. Katil, A. Khatee Zathul, A. Kheirandish, A. Kochocki, A. Kravka, A. Kumar, A. Leszczy\'nska, A. Mand, A. Medina, A. Mosbrugger, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke, A. Olivas, A. Parenti, A. Pont\'en, A. Rehman, A. R. Fazely, A. Rifaie, A. Rosted, A. Sandrock, A. Scholz, A. Terliuk, A. Thakuri, A. Vaidyanathan, A. Vijai, A. Wang, A. Weindl, A. Y. Wen, A. Zander Jurowitzki, A. Zegarelli, B. A. Clark, B. Brinson, B. Henke, B. Owens, B. Pries, B. Riedel, B. Schl\"uter, B. Skrzypek, C. Arg\"uelles, C. Bellenghi, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, C. De Clercq, C. D. Rho, C. Eldridge, C. Finley, C. Glaser, C. G\"unther, C. Ha, C. Hill, C. H. Wiebusch, C. Klein, C. Kopper, C. Lagunas Gualda, C. Li, C. Lin, C. Love, C. P\'erez de los Heros, C. Raab, C. Rott, C. Spannfellner, C. Spiering, C. Walck, C. Weaver, C. Wendt, C. Zilleruelo Ca\~nas, D. A. Coloma Borja, D. Berley, D. Butterfield, D. Chirkin, D. Delgado, D. Durnford, D. Els\"asser, D. F. Cowen, D. Fox, D. Grant, D. Guevel, D. Hooper, D. J. Koskinen, D. Kang, D. Mousadi, D. R. Williams, D. Ryckbosch, D. Salazar-Gallegos, D. Seckel, D. Soldin, D. Song, D. Tosi, D. Veske, D. Z. Besson, E. Bernardini, E. Blaufuss, E. Ellinger, E. Ganster, E. Genton, E. H. S. Warrick, E. J. Roberts, E. Krupczak, E. Kun, E. Magnus, E. Manao, E. Moyaux, E. N. Paudel, E. O'Sullivan, E. Resconi, E. Yildizci, F. Bontempo, F. G. Schr\"oder, F. Halzen, F. Henningsen, F. Kirchner, F. Lauber, F. Lucarelli, F. Mayhew, F. McNally, F. Schl\"uter, F. Varsi, F. Yu, G. C. Hill, G. de Wasseige, G. H. Collin, G. M. Spiczak, G. Sanger-Johnson, G. Sommani, G. T. Przybylski, G. Wrede, G. W. Sullivan, H. Erpenbeck, H. Kimku, H. Kolanoski, H. Niederhausen, H. Pandya, H. Schieler, I. C. Mari\c{s}, I. Martinez-Soler, I. Reistroffer, I. Taboada, J. A. Aguilar, J. Adams, J. A. Torres, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, J. B\"ottcher, J. Braun, J. Carpio, J. C. D\'iaz-V\'elez, J. Evans, J. Gallagher, J. G. Gonzalez, J. Hardin, J. H\"au{\ss}ler, J. Hellrung, J. J. Beatty, J. J. DeLaunay, J. Kiryluk, J. Liao, J. L. Kelley, J.M. Alameddine, J. Mauro, J. M. Conrad, J. Mitchell, J. Osborn, J. Peterson, J. P. Lazar, J. P. Yanez, J. Rack-Helleis, J. Saffer, J. Soedingrekso, J. Stachurska, J. Thwaites, J. Valverde, J. Vandenbroucke, J. van Santen, J. Vara, J. Villarreal, J. Weldert, J. Werthebach, J. Y. Book Motzkin, K. Andeen, K. Carloni, K. D. de Vries, K. D. Hoffman, K. Dutta, K. Fang, K. Farrag, K. Hanson, K. Helbing, K. Hoshina, K. Hultqvist, K. Hymon, K. Kruiswijk, K. Leonard DeHolton, K. L. Fan, K. Meagher, K. M. Groth, K. Noda, K. Rawlins, K. Tollefson, K. Upshaw, L. Bloom, L. Draper, L. Dueser, L. Eidenschink, L. Gerhardt, L. Halve, L. Hamacher, L. Hennig, L. Heuermann, L. Kardum, L. K\"opke, L. Lallement Arnaud, L. Lu, L. Marten, L. Merten, L. Molchany, L. Neste, L. Paul, L. Pyras, L. Ricca, L. Ruohan, L. Schlickmann, L. Seen, L. Van Rootselaar, L. Witthaus, M. Ackermann, M. A. DuVernois, M. Ahlers, M. Dittmer, M. Garcia, M. Handt, M. Hostert, M. Hrywniak, M. Jacquart, M. Jansson, M. Jin, M. J. Larson, M. Kauer, M. Khanal, M. Kowalski, M. Liubarska, M. Macdonald, M. Meier, M. Nakos, M. Neumann, M. Plum, M. Ravn, M. Rongen, M. Santander, M. Scarnera, M. Schaufel, M. Seikh, M. Stamatikos, M. Thiesmeyer, M. U. Nisa, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, M. Weyrauch, N. Chau, N. Feigl, N. Heyer, N. Kamp, N. Krieger, N. Kurahashi, N. M. Amin, N. Park, N. Rad, N. Schmeisser, N. Shimizu, N. Valtonen-Mattila, N. van Eijndhoven, N. Whitehorn, O. Botner, O. Janik, P. A. Evenson, P. A. Sevle Myhr, P. Behrens, P. Desiati, P. Eller, P. F\"urst, P. Gutjahr, P. Hatch, P. Koundal, P. Sampathkumar, P. Soldin, P. Weigel, P. Zhelnin, P. Zilberman, Q. R. Liu, R. Abbasi, R. Babu, R. Bay, R. Engel, R. Hewett, R. Hmaid, R. Koirala, R. Maruyama, R. Orsoe, R. Procter-Murphy, R. Shah, R. Snihur, R. T. Burley, R. W. Moore, R. Young, S. Ali, S. Athanasiadou, S. Benkel, S. BenZvi, S. Blot, S. B\"oser, S. Choi, S. Deng, S. DiKerby, S. Eulig, S. Fukami, S. Goswami, S. Griffin, S. Hickford, S. Hori, S. Jain, S. J. Gray, S. Koch, S. Mancina, S. Marka, S. Mondal, S. N. Axani, S. Pick, S. R. Klein, S. Rodan, S. Sarkar, S. Schindler, S. Schwirn, S. Sclafani, S. Seunarine, S. Shah, S. Shefali, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, S. Toscano, S. Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, S. W. Barwick, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, S. Yun-C\'arcamo, S. Zhang, T. C. Petersen, T. Delmeulle, T. DeYoung, T. Ding, T. Ehrhardt, T. Gl\"usenkamp, T. Huber, T. Karg, T. Kim, T. Kontrimas, T. Kozynets, T. Krishnan, T. Montaruli, T. Mukherjee, T. Pernice, T. Ruhe, T. Schmidt, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. St\"urwald, T. Stuttard, T. Van Eeden, T. Yuan, U. Naumann, V. Basu, V. O'Dell, V. Palusova, V. Parrish, V. Poojyam, W. Esmail, W. G. Thompson, W. Hou, W. Iwakiri, W. Kang, W. Luszczak, W. Rhode, X. Bai, X. W. Xu, Y. Ashida, Y. C. Chen, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Lyu, Y. Makino, Y. Merckx, Y. Morii, Y. T. Liu, Y. Yao, Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z. Chen, Z. Marka, Z. Rechav, Z. Zhang.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Median angular separation between the simulated neutrino and the reconstructed muon directions as a function of the true neutrino energy. Different colors represent different detector seasons. Solid and dashed lines are for northern and southern sky, respectively. For IC40 and IC59, the southern sky median is not shown at low energies because too few events pass the selection in that region to yield a stab… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: The binned effective areas for each data-taking period included in IceTracks-DR2. IC40 through IC79 use the partially-completed detector while IC86 uses the complete 86-string detector configuration. 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 1 10 2 True Angular Separation, ( ) 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Fraction in Bin 30.00 o 2.0 Log(E/GeV) 2.5 3.5 Log(E/GeV) 4.0 5.0 Log(E/GeV) 5.5 6.5 Log(E/GeV) 7.0 8.0 Log(E/GeV) 8.5 10 3 10 2 1… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Examples of the binned point spread functions measured in the northern sky (δ = 30◦ ), horizon (δ = 0◦ ), and southern sky (δ = −30◦ ) for the IC86 season. Each colored histogram corresponds to a different true neutrino energy range. For a falling E −2 spectrum, most muons are reconstructed less than 1 ◦ from the neutrino origin. Note that in the rightmost plot, very few low-energy events pass selection cr… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Examples of the binned reconstructed muon energy measured in the northern sky (δ = 30◦ ), horizon (δ = 0◦ ), and southern sky (δ = −30◦ ) for the IC86 season. Each colored histogram corresponds to a different true neutrino energy range. In the southern sky, high energy events reconstruct near the incident neutrino energy. In the northern sky and at the horizon, high energy events may interact far from the … view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Examples of the binned estimated angular uncertainty on the reconstructed direction measured for the northern sky (δ = 30◦ ), horizon (δ = 0◦ ), and southern sky (δ = −30◦ ) for the IC86 season. Each colored histogram corresponds to a different true neutrino energy range. The estimated angular uncertainties have been calibrated to give correct coverage on average for an E −2 spectrum. A floor of 0.2◦ is in… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Time-Integrated All-Sky Map. Pre-trial p-value map using 14 years of tracks in equatorial coordinates (J2000). The north/south boundary is at declination −5 degrees, separating sky regions where different processing strategies apply, as described in section 2. This map includes 4 additional years of data compared to the previous IceCube track-based point-source search (M. Aartsen et al. 2020). The gray lin… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Northern and Southern Hottest Spots. Pre-trial p-value (top row) and ns (bottom row) maps in equatorial coordinates of the area around the most significant point in the northern sky (left column) and southern sky (right column). corresponding p-values is provided in (R. Abbasi et al. 2025a) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_7.png] view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Time-Dependent All-Sky Map. The time-dependent counterpart to [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p011_8.png] view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Comparison of the average astrophysical neutrino flux required to reach the 90% sensitivity (top) and a 5σ discovery prior to any penalty factors calculation (bottom) in 14 years of IceCube observations, assuming unbroken power-law spectra with spectral index γ = 2.0 (left) and γ = 3.0 (right), shown as a function of source declination. The IceCube sensitivity (black dashed) from R. Abbasi et al. (2025a) i… view at source ↗
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Comparison of NGC 1068 Likelihood Scans. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_10.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We present IceCube's latest release of muon track data for neutrino point-source searches, extending the previously published 10-year dataset to cover 14 years of observations (April 6, 2008 - May 23, 2022). This release features an updated event selection and improved detector calibration for data recorded after June 1, 2010. The release also includes binned instrument response functions and effective areas, enabling the community to perform sensitive searches for steady and transient neutrino sources. We report on key science results obtained with this dataset using internal IceCube analysis tools and compare them to those derived from analyses based on the binned response functions included in this public release. To facilitate reproducible research, we provide benchmark results obtained using this data release and publicly available software. This release represents IceCube's most sensitive and comprehensive publicly available all-sky muon track dataset to date and should be preferred over previous releases.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript presents IceCube's IceTracks-DR2 data release, extending the public muon-track dataset for neutrino point-source searches from 10 to 14 years (April 2008–May 2022). It incorporates an updated event selection and improved detector calibration applied to post-June 2010 data, supplies binned instrument response functions together with effective areas, reports benchmark results obtained with internal IceCube tools, and compares those results to analyses performed with the released binned responses. The authors state that this constitutes the most sensitive and comprehensive publicly available all-sky muon-track sample and should be preferred over earlier releases.

Significance. If the updated selection and calibration are correctly implemented without unaccounted biases, the release materially improves the sensitivity and reproducibility of community searches for steady and transient neutrino sources. The provision of binned response functions and effective areas, together with explicit internal-versus-public comparisons and benchmark results, directly supports independent use of the data and strengthens the claim that this dataset should supersede prior public releases.

minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract and §1] The abstract and introduction refer to 'publicly available software' for the benchmark results; adding explicit names, version numbers, and repository links would improve reproducibility.
  2. [Figures 2–4 and Tables 1–2] Figure captions and table headers should explicitly state the energy and angular binning used for the released response functions so that users can immediately assess compatibility with their analysis codes.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive review of the manuscript, their assessment of its significance for the community, and their recommendation to accept. No major comments were raised in the report.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Data release with no load-bearing circular derivation

full rationale

This is a standard data-release paper extending the muon-track sample, supplying binned response functions and effective areas, and reporting benchmark comparisons between internal and public analyses. The central claim (most sensitive public all-sky track dataset) rests on direct provision of the data and response functions rather than any fitted parameter renamed as a prediction or any self-citation chain that substitutes for independent verification. External users can reproduce or falsify the sensitivity comparisons using the released material, satisfying the criteria for non-circularity (score 0-2). No self-definitional, fitted-input, or uniqueness-imported steps appear in the described chain.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the established accuracy of IceCube's detector calibration and event selection procedures developed in prior publications; no new free parameters, ad-hoc axioms, or invented entities are introduced in this data-release paper.

axioms (1)
  • domain assumption IceCube detector response and calibration procedures for data after June 2010 are accurate and improve event selection without new biases.
    Invoked when stating that the updated calibration enables more sensitive searches.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 7961 in / 1164 out tokens · 49341 ms · 2026-05-20T07:43:34.482763+00:00 · methodology

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Reference graph

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