pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.18004 · v1 · pith:AQAM6LAOnew · submitted 2026-06-16 · 🌌 astro-ph.HE

Discovery of a quasi-periodic oscillation non-harmonically related to the Type-C QPO in the hard intermedidate state of MAXI J1820+070

Pei Jin , Mariano M\'endez , Federico Garc\'ia , Diego Altamirano , Ruican Ma This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 23:23 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE
keywords black hole X-ray binariesquasi-periodic oscillationsstate transitionsMAXI J1820+070Type-C QPOType-B QPOradio ejections
0
0 comments X

The pith

A QPO at 3.5-5.9 Hz appears in the hard-intermediate state of MAXI J1820+070 and evolves into the Type-B QPO after the transition.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper presents timing analysis of NICER data on MAXI J1820+070 during the hard-intermediate to soft-intermediate state transition. It reports detection of an additional QPO in the 2-12 keV power density spectrum roughly half a day before the transition. This feature evolves smoothly across the transition and occupies the same region in the rms-frequency diagram as Type-B QPOs in other sources. The authors conclude that such QPOs are not confined to the soft-intermediate state and that their presence before the transition separates them from the discrete radio ejections that appear at the transition itself.

Core claim

We detect a QPO at 3.5-5.9 Hz in the 2-12 keV power density spectrum of MAXI J1820+070 roughly half a day before the HIMS-to-SIMS transition. This QPO appears to evolve smoothly into the Type-B QPO observed immediately after the transition, and its location in the broadband rms versus QPO frequency plot matches Type-B QPOs in GX 339-4 and GRO J1655-40. The result indicates that QPOs with these characteristics can emerge prior to the transition and are not confined exclusively to the SIMS, implying no direct physical connection to the discrete radio ejections that occur at the transition.

What carries the argument

The additional QPO component at 3.5-5.9 Hz identified in the power density spectrum before the transition, distinguished by its frequency evolution, rms properties, and non-harmonic relation to the Type-C QPO.

If this is right

  • QPOs with Type-B characteristics can emerge prior to the HIMS-to-SIMS transition.
  • There may be no direct physical connection between the Type-B QPO and the discrete radio ejections.
  • The disappearance of the Type-C QPO, the drop in broadband noise, and the emergence of discrete radio ejections are linked at the transition.
  • The simultaneous presence of a non-harmonically related QPO in the HIMS could be compatible with a spine-sheath outflow structure.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Similar pre-transition QPOs may be found by re-examining archival data from other sources that show Type-B QPOs after their transitions.
  • The mechanism producing this QPO likely operates independently of the processes that quench the compact jet at the transition.
  • Multi-source comparisons could test whether the non-harmonic relation to the Type-C QPO is a general signature of the late HIMS.

Load-bearing premise

That the smooth frequency evolution and position in the rms-frequency diagram establish the pre-transition QPO as the direct precursor of the Type-B QPO.

What would settle it

If the 3.5-5.9 Hz feature does not continue evolving into the observed post-transition Type-B frequencies, or if no similar pre-transition QPO appears in other black hole binaries with comparable state transitions.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.18004 by Diego Altamirano, Federico Garc\'ia, Mariano M\'endez, Pei Jin, Ruican Ma.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: X-ray Light curves and hardness ratio of MAXI J1820+070 for ObsID 1200120197 on MJD 58305. Upper panel: the 0.5−1.5 keV light curve. Middle panel: the 2.0−12.0 keV light curve. Bottom panel: the hardness ratio between the 2.0−12.0 keV and 0.5−1.5 keV light curves. The blue dotted line marks the transition from the HIMS to the SIMS (Homan et al. 2020). The shaded regions indicate the intervals for which we … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Dynamical power spectra (top panels) and light curves (bottom panels) of MAXI J1820+070 for ObsID 1200120197: 0.5−1.5 keV (left) and 2.0−12.0 keV (right). The segments in the X-axis of the dynamical PDS have a duration of ∼128 seconds. Compactified time in the bottom panels is the true elapsed time since MJD 58305.02704, with the gaps in the data removed from the plot. We do not show the time gaps between … view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: PDS and real and imaginary parts of the CS for four PDS classes near the transition from the HIMS to the SIMS in MAXI J1820+070: Class-1 in the upper-left panel (Interval #1), Class-2 in the upper-right panel (Interval #2), Class-3 in the lower-left panel (Interval #5), and Class-4 in the lower-right panel (Interval #6). The soft band is 0.5−1.5 keV and the hard band is 2.0−12.0 keV. To improve visibility,… view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Frequency of the additional QPO component versus that of the Type-C QPO in MAXI J1820+070 when both features appear simul￾taneously. The red line is the best fitting linear model to the data. The black line shows the fit with a fixed intercept of zero Hz. and the CS of MAXI J1820+070: (i) This additional QPO com￾ponent appears to evolve continuously into the QPO identified as Type-B immediately after the t… view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Broadband rms vs. QPO frequency relation for the QPOs in MAXI J1820+070. The red circles are the Type-C QPO in the HIMS, the blue circles are the additional QPO component in the HIMS, and the blue squares are the Type-B QPO in the SIMS. nent of the accretion flow that, in the HIMS, produces the strong broadband variability and the Type-C QPO. 4.1. The additional QPO component in the hard-band PDS in the HI… view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Fractional-rms (left panels) and phase-lag (right panels) spectra of the Type-C QPO (red) and the Type-B QPO (blue) of MAXI J1820+070 in Intervals #1-6 in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_6.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We present a detailed timing analysis of the transition from the hard-intermediate state (HIMS) to the soft-intermediate state (SIMS) in MAXI J1820+070 using NICER observations. This transition is marked by a sharp drop of the broadband noise across both the soft and hard X-ray bands, the disappearance of the Type-C quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO), the quenching of the steady, optically thick, compact jet, the appearance of a Type-B QPO, and the detection of discrete, optically thin, radio ejections. For the first time, we detect a QPO at 3.5-5.9 Hz in the 2-12 keV power density spectrum of MAXI J1820+070 roughly half a day before the transition, which appears to evolve smoothly into the Type-B QPO observed immediately after the transition. The location of this additional QPO component in the broadband rms vs. QPO frequency plot is consistent with that of the Type-B QPOs in GX 339-4 and GRO J1655-40, suggesting a possible connection between this additional QPO in the HIMS and the Type-B QPO in the SIMS. This result, together with recent findings in Swift J1727.8-1613, suggests that QPOs with these characteristics can emerge prior to the HIMS-to-SIMS transition and are not confined exclusively to the SIMS. If this additional QPO feature is the precursor of the Type-B QPO in the SIMS, its presence before the transition, whereas the bright discrete, optically thin, radio ejections appear at the transition, would imply that there may be no direct physical connection between the Type-B QPO and the discrete radio ejections. Our results further suggest a link between the disappearance of the Type-C QPO, the drop of the broadband noise, and the emergence of discrete radio ejections at the HIMS-to-SIMS transition. We speculate that the simultaneous presence of such a QPO, non-harmonically related to the Type-C QPO in the HIMS, could be compatible with a spine-sheath outflow structure.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

2 major / 1 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a timing analysis of NICER data on MAXI J1820+070 during the HIMS-to-SIMS transition. It claims detection of a new QPO at 3.5-5.9 Hz in the 2-12 keV PDS roughly half a day before the transition, which appears to evolve smoothly into the post-transition Type-B QPO. The feature's location in the rms-frequency diagram matches Type-B QPOs in GX 339-4 and GRO J1655-40, leading the authors to interpret it as a possible precursor to Type-B QPOs (not exclusive to the SIMS) and to suggest no direct physical link to the discrete radio ejections that appear at the transition. The work also links the Type-C QPO disappearance and broadband noise drop to the transition and speculates on compatibility with a spine-sheath outflow structure.

Significance. If the detection is robust and the evolutionary continuity holds, the result would be significant for black-hole X-ray binary timing studies. It would show that QPOs with Type-B characteristics can appear in the HIMS, extending the known phenomenology beyond the conventional SIMS association and providing a potential observational test for multi-component outflow models. The decoupling from radio ejections would also bear on jet-disk coupling at state transitions. The analysis draws on high-cadence NICER observations, which is a methodological strength for resolving rapid changes across the transition.

major comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] Abstract (detection paragraph): the claim that the 3.5-5.9 Hz QPO 'appears to evolve smoothly' into the Type-B QPO is load-bearing for the precursor interpretation, yet the text supplies neither the measured frequencies with uncertainties, the number of independent observations spanning the transition, nor any quantitative continuity test (e.g., a joint fit or χ^{2} comparison of a continuous vs. discontinuous track).
  2. [Abstract] Abstract (rms-frequency comparison): the statement that the new QPO's location in the broadband rms vs. QPO frequency plot is 'consistent' with Type-B QPOs in GX 339-4 and GRO J1655-40 is central to the suggested connection, but no rms value, uncertainty, or data point for MAXI J1820+070 is reported, preventing verification of the match or assessment against alternative placements.
minor comments (1)
  1. [Abstract] The frequency range 3.5-5.9 Hz is given without specifying whether these are the observed range across multiple observations or the 1-σ bounds on a single detection; clarifying this would aid reproducibility.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

2 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their constructive comments, which help clarify the presentation of our results. We address each major comment below and have revised the abstract to incorporate the requested quantitative details.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (detection paragraph): the claim that the 3.5-5.9 Hz QPO 'appears to evolve smoothly' into the Type-B QPO is load-bearing for the precursor interpretation, yet the text supplies neither the measured frequencies with uncertainties, the number of independent observations spanning the transition, nor any quantitative continuity test (e.g., a joint fit or χ^{2} comparison of a continuous vs. discontinuous track).

    Authors: We agree that the abstract would benefit from these quantitative elements to support the evolutionary continuity claim. The main text already presents the frequency measurements from the NICER observations and the observed track across the transition; we have revised the abstract to explicitly include the measured frequencies with uncertainties, the number of independent observations, and a reference to the continuity assessment (including model comparison) detailed in the results section. This strengthens the precursor interpretation without changing the underlying analysis. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Abstract] Abstract (rms-frequency comparison): the statement that the new QPO's location in the broadband rms vs. QPO frequency plot is 'consistent' with Type-B QPOs in GX 339-4 and GRO J1655-40 is central to the suggested connection, but no rms value, uncertainty, or data point for MAXI J1820+070 is reported, preventing verification of the match or assessment against alternative placements.

    Authors: We agree that reporting the specific rms value is necessary for independent verification. We have revised the abstract to include the measured broadband rms value with its uncertainty for the QPO in MAXI J1820+070, allowing direct comparison to the Type-B QPOs in the other sources and assessment of the consistency claim. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely observational timing detection with no derivation chain

full rationale

This is an observational X-ray timing study reporting detection of a 3.5-5.9 Hz QPO feature in NICER PDS data of MAXI J1820+070 and noting its location in the rms-frequency plane plus apparent frequency evolution. The central claims rest on direct measurements of frequencies, rms amplitudes, and comparisons to published data from other sources (GX 339-4, GRO J1655-40). No equations, model fits, or derivations are presented that reduce to inputs by construction; no self-citation load-bearing uniqueness theorems or ansatzes appear. The precursor interpretation is a qualitative inference from data properties, not a mathematical reduction, so the paper is self-contained against external benchmarks.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

The paper is purely observational. No free parameters are introduced beyond standard timing-analysis choices (frequency bins, energy bands). No new physical entities are postulated; the spine-sheath speculation is interpretive.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5968 in / 1272 out tokens · 26756 ms · 2026-06-26T23:23:42.286255+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

154 extracted references · 138 canonical work pages · 43 internal anchors

  1. [1]

    , keywords =

    A two-component Comptonization model for the type-B QPO in MAXI J1348-630. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3944 , archivePrefix =. 2012.10354 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3944 2012

  2. [2]

    Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. VIII. A spectral-timing look at low energies with NICER. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449333 , archivePrefix =. 2405.07754 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449333

  3. [3]

    , keywords =

    A Hidden Pulse: Uncovering a New Timing Signal in Cygnus X-1 with AstroSat. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adf1a5 , archivePrefix =. 2507.13884 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adf1a5

  4. [4]

    Probing the origin of quasi-periodic oscillations: the short-timescale evolution of phase lags in GRS 1915+105

    Probing the origin of quasi-periodic oscillations: the short-time-scale evolution of phase lags in GRS 1915+105. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw610 , archivePrefix =. 1603.03392 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stw610 1915

  5. [5]

    Discovery of Microsecond Soft Lags in the X-Ray Emission of the Atoll Source 4U1636-536

    Discovery of Microsecond Soft Lags in the X-Ray Emission of the Atoll Source 4U 1636-536. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/311941 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9901349 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/311941

  6. [6]

    Discovery of microsecond time lags in kilohertz QPO

    Discovery of Microsecond Time Lags in Kilohertz QPOs. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/310740 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9704245 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/310740

  7. [7]

    Disc-corona interaction in the heartbeat state of GRS 1915+105

    Disc-corona interaction in the heartbeat state of GRS 1915+105. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2885 , archivePrefix =. 1711.03005 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2885 1915

  8. [8]

    , keywords =

    The energy dependence of the three types of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in the black hole candidate H1743-322. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt737 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stt737

  9. [9]

    , keywords =

    The energy dependence of the centroid frequency of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in XTE J1550-564. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts149 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/sts149

  10. [10]

    The energy dependence of the centroid frequency and phase lag of the QPOs in GRS 1915+105

    The Energy Dependence of the Centroid Frequency and Phase Lag of the Quasi-periodic Oscillations in GRS 1915+105. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/1/836 , archivePrefix =. 0912.4769 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1088/0004-637x/710/1/836 1915

  11. [11]

    , keywords =

    Black-hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8─1613 shows simultaneous Type-B and Type-C quasiperiodic oscillations across the hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate states. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555907 , archivePrefix =. 2510.10353 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555907

  12. [12]

    , keywords =

    A Detailed View of Low-frequency Quasi-periodic Oscillation in the Broadband 0.2-200 keV with Insight-HXMT and NICER. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc4c3 , archivePrefix =. 2303.00481 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc4c3

  13. [13]

    Cross-spectral modelling of the black hole X-ray binary XTEJ1550-564: challenges to the propagating fluctuations paradigm

    Cross-spectral modelling of the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1550-564: challenges to the propagating fluctuations paradigm. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx991 , archivePrefix =. 1704.07705 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stx991

  14. [14]

    A Systematic Spectral-Timing Analysis of Kilohertz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Archive

    A Systematic Spectral-timing Analysis of Kilohertz Quasi-periodic Oscillations in the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Archive. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a4 , archivePrefix =. 1805.05234 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac4a4

  15. [15]

    Time lags of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in the low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1608--52 and 4U 1636--53

    Time lags of the kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in the low-mass X-ray binaries 4U 1608-52 and 4U 1636-53. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1001 , archivePrefix =. 1302.6464 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1001

  16. [16]

    Galaxies , keywords =

    Timing Analysis of Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with Insight-HXMT. Galaxies , keywords =. doi:10.3390/galaxies13050111 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.3390/galaxies13050111

  17. [17]

    , keywords =

    Energy Spectra of Low-Mass Binary X-Ray Sources Observed from Tenma. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/pasj/36.4.741 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/pasj/36.4.741

  18. [18]

    The limb-brightened jet of M87 down to 7 Schwarzschild radii scale

    The limb-brightened jet of M87 down to the 7 Schwarzschild radii scale. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832921 , archivePrefix =. 1805.02478 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832921

  19. [19]

    A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries. I. The dynamical constituents. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052689 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0511123 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052689

  20. [20]

    , keywords =

    Error formulae for the energy-dependent cross-spectrum. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2409 , archivePrefix =. 1909.01385 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2409 1909

  21. [21]

    Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray , year = 2016, editor =

    The Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER): design and development. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray , year = 2016, editor =. doi:10.1117/12.2231304 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1117/12.2231304 2016

  22. [22]

    Broadband reflection spectroscopy of MAXI J1535-571 using AstroSat: Estimation of black hole mass and spin

    X-Ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0606352 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092532

  23. [23]

    The Astronomer's Telegram , keywords =

    MAXI/GSC detection of a probable new X-ray transient MAXI J1820+070. The Astronomer's Telegram , keywords =

  24. [24]

    , keywords =

    The Binary Mass Ratio in the Black Hole Transient MAXI J1820+070. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab863a , archivePrefix =. 2003.02360 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab863a 2041

  25. [25]

    , keywords =

    Efficient generation of jets from magnetically arrested accretion on a rapidly spinning black hole. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01147.x , archivePrefix =. 1108.0412 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01147.x 2011

  26. [26]

    A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries. V. Low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037539 , archivePrefix =. 2005.10359 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202037539 2005

  27. [27]

    , keywords =

    Measuring fundamental jet properties with multiwavelength fast timing of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab820 , archivePrefix =. 2103.09318 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stab820

  28. [28]

    , keywords =

    The inner flow geometry in MAXI J1820+070 during hard and hard-intermediate states. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140567 , archivePrefix =. 2102.07811 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202140567

  29. [29]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    Black-hole X-ray binary Swift J1727.8 - 1613 shows Type-B quasi-periodic oscillations across the hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate states. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2510.10353 , archivePrefix =. 2510.10353 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.10353

  30. [30]

    X-ray and Optical Monitoring of State Transitions in MAXI J1820+070

    X-Ray and Optical Monitoring of State Transitions in MAXI J1820+070. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab09ff , archivePrefix =. 1903.01686 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab09ff 1903

  31. [31]

    , keywords =

    The Ejection of Transient Jets in Swift J1727.8‑1613 Revealed by Time-dependent Visibility Modeling. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc9b3 , archivePrefix =. 2503.03073 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adc9b3 2041

  32. [32]

    A global study of Type B quasi-periodic oscillation in black hole X-ray binaries

    A global study of type B quasi-periodic oscillation in black hole X-ray binaries. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3146 , archivePrefix =. 1701.04994 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stw3146

  33. [33]

    Fluorescent iron lines as a probe of astrophysical black hole systems

    Fluorescent iron lines as a probe of astrophysical black hole systems. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(02)00584-7 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0212065 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(02)00584-7

  34. [34]

    , keywords =

    Geometry of the Comptonization Region of MAXI J1348‑630 through Type-C Quasiperiodic Oscillations with NICER. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada7f9 , archivePrefix =. 2409.14883 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ada7f9

  35. [35]

    , keywords =

    Disk-Jet Coupling in the 2017/2018 Outburst of the Galactic Black Hole Candidate X-Ray Binary MAXI J1535-571. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3d36 , archivePrefix =. 1906.00998 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3d36 2017

  36. [36]

    F., Quataert, E., & Murray, N

    Disc-jet coupling in the 2009 outburst of the black hole candidate H1743-322. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20326.x , archivePrefix =. 1201.1678 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20326.x 2009

  37. [37]

    , keywords =

    Tracking the X-Ray Polarization of the Black Hole Transient Swift J1727.8 1613 during a State Transition. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3faf , archivePrefix =. 2311.05497 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad3faf

  38. [38]

    , keywords =

    Dynamical confirmation of a black hole in the X-ray transient Swift J1727.8‑1613. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451960 , archivePrefix =. 2408.13310 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451960

  39. [39]

    , keywords =

    Energy dependence in the quasi-periodic oscillations and noise of black hole candidates in the very high state. , keywords =

  40. [40]

    , keywords =

    Type-A quasi-periodic oscillation in the black hole transient MAXI J1348-630. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3062 , archivePrefix =. 2310.04208 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3062

  41. [41]

    A clear state transition from super-Eddington to sub-Eddington accretion revealed by Insight-HXMT

    The bright black hole X-ray binary 4U 1543-47 during 2021 outburst. A clear state transition from super-Eddington to sub-Eddington accretion revealed by Insight-HXMT. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae686 , archivePrefix =. 2403.02874 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stae686 2021

  42. [42]

    R., Ellison, S

    Fast variability as a tracer of accretion regimes in black hole transients. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17476.x , archivePrefix =. 1008.0558 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17476.x 2010

  43. [43]

    The ABC of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in Black-Hole Candidates: analogies with Z-sources

    The ABC of Low-Frequency Quasi-periodic Oscillations in Black Hole Candidates: Analogies with Z Sources. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/431174 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0504318 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/431174

  44. [44]

    Characterizing the QPO Behavior of the X-ray Nova XTE J1550--564

    Characterizing the Quasi-periodic Oscillation Behavior of the X-Ray Nova XTE J1550-564. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/324276 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0105508 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/324276

  45. [45]

    The Complex Phase Lag Behavior of the 3-12 Hz Quasi-Periodic Oscillations during the Very High State of XTE J1550-564

    The Complex Phase-Lag Behavior of the 3-12 HZ Quasi-Periodic Oscillations during the Very High State of XTE J1550-564. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/312365 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9909515 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/312365

  46. [46]

    , keywords =

    Comptonization of X-Rays in Plasma Clouds - Typical Radiation Spectra. , keywords =

  47. [47]

    , keywords =

    A systematic study of the high-frequency bump in the black-hole low-mass X-ray binary GX 339 - 4. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3623 , archivePrefix =. 2311.12661 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3623

  48. [48]

    Observational appearance

    Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance. , year = 1973, volume =

    1973

  49. [49]

    The evolution of black hole states

    The Evolution of Black Hole States. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s10509-005-1197-4 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0412597 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1007/s10509-005-1197-4

  50. [50]

    , keywords =

    Towards a unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08384.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0409360 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08384.x 2004

  51. [51]

    , keywords =

    Fast-varying time lags in the quasi-periodic oscillation in GRS 1915 + 105. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3639 , archivePrefix =. 2311.13467 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3639 1915

  52. [52]

    , keywords =

    The evolution of the high-frequency variability in the black hole candidate GRS 1915+105 as seen by RXTE. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1050 , archivePrefix =. 2204.05273 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1050 1915

  53. [53]

    , keywords =

    NICER uncovers the transient nature of the type-B quasi-periodic oscillation in the black hole candidate MAXI J1348-630. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1553 , archivePrefix =. 2105.12338 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1553

  54. [54]

    , keywords =

    The evolving properties of the corona of GRS 1915+105: a spectral-timing perspective through variable-Comptonization modelling. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1202 , archivePrefix =. 2204.13279 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1202 1915

  55. [55]

    Lecture Notes in Physics, Berlin Springer Verlag , year = 2010, editor =

    States and Transitions in Black Hole Binaries. Lecture Notes in Physics, Berlin Springer Verlag , year = 2010, editor =. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76937-8_3 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76937-8_3 2010

  56. [56]

    Black Hole Binaries

    Black hole binaries. Compact stellar X-ray sources , year = 2006, editor =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.astro-ph/0306213 , adsurl =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0306213 2006

  57. [57]

    , year = 1996, month = jan, volume =

    X-ray Novae. , year = 1996, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.607 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.607 1996

  58. [58]

    Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics , year = 1957, month = may, volume =

    The Establishment of Thermal Equilibrium between Quanta and Electrons. Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics , year = 1957, month = may, volume =

    1957

  59. [59]

    , keywords =

    A Timing View of the Additional High-energy Spectral Component Discovered in the Black Hole Candidate Swift J1727.8-1613. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad60bd , archivePrefix =. 2407.05236 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad60bd 2041

  60. [60]

    , keywords =

    Swift J1727.8 1613 Has the Largest Resolved Continuous Jet Ever Seen in an X-Ray Binary. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6572 , archivePrefix =. 2405.12370 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad6572 2041

  61. [61]

    Correlations in Quasi-Periodic Oscillation and Noise Frequencies Among Neutron-Star and Black-Hole X-ray Binaries

    Correlations in Quasi-periodic Oscillation and Noise Frequencies among Neutron Star and Black Hole X-Ray Binaries. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/307436 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9902130 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/307436

  62. [62]

    , keywords =

    Centroid frequency ratios of simultaneous low-frequency QPOs in black hole low-mass X-ray binaries. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1867 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1867

  63. [63]

    On the modulation of low frequency Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in black-hole transients

    On the modulation of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole transients. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv024 , archivePrefix =. 1501.01823 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/stv024

  64. [64]

    , keywords =

    A systematic analysis of the phase lags associated with the type-C quasi-periodic oscillation in GRS 1915+105. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa797 , archivePrefix =. 2003.08928 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1093/mnras/staa797 1915

  65. [65]

    , keywords =

    On the harmonics of the low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in GRS 1915+105. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20906.x , archivePrefix =. 1203.3582 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20906.x 1915

  66. [66]

    Advances in Space Research , keywords =

    Properties of 2017-18 'failed' outburst of GX 339-4. Advances in Space Research , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.12.011 , archivePrefix =. 2111.13403 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1016/j.asr.2022.12.011 2017

  67. [67]

    arXiv e-prints , keywords =

    A timing view of the additional high-energy spectral component discovered in the black hole candidate Swift J1727.8-1613. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2407.05236 , archivePrefix =. 2407.05236 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.48550/arxiv.2407.05236

  68. [68]

    Phase Lag and Coherence Function of X-ray emission from Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550-564

    Phase Lag and Coherence Function of X-Ray Emission from Black Hole Candidate XTE J1550-564. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/312520 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0001095 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/312520

  69. [69]

    Nature Astronomy , keywords =

    Coupling between the accreting corona and the relativistic jet in the microquasar GRS 1915+105. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01617-y , archivePrefix =. 2203.02963 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41550-022-01617-y 1915

  70. [70]

    F., Quataert, E., & Murray, N

    Low-frequency oscillations in black holes: a spectral-timing approach to the case of GX 339-4. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19566.x , archivePrefix =. 1108.0540 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19566.x 2011

  71. [71]

    , keywords =

    Are there three peaks in the power spectra of GX 339-4 and Cyg X-1?. , keywords =. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03668.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0005232 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03668.x 2000

  72. [72]

    and Piersol, Allan G

    Bendat, Julius S. and Piersol, Allan G. , title =. 2010 , address =

    2010

  73. [73]

    Phase Lags and Coherence of X-Ray Variability in Black Hole Candidates

    Phase lags and coherence of X-ray variability in black hole candidates. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/280.1.227 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9512019 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1093/mnras/280.1.227

  74. [74]

    Measurement Science and Technology , year = 2000, month = dec, volume =

    BOOK REVIEW: Random Data Analysis and Measurement Procedures. Measurement Science and Technology , year = 2000, month = dec, volume =. doi:10.1088/0957-0233/11/12/702 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1088/0957-0233/11/12/702 2000

  75. [75]

    , keywords =

    Canonical Time Variations of X-Rays from Black Hole Candidates in the Low-Intensity State. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/186389 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/186389

  76. [76]

    , keywords =

    On searches for pulsed emission with application to four globular cluster X-ray sources : NGC 1851, 6441, 6624 and 6712. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/160766 , adsurl =

    work page doi:10.1086/160766

  77. [77]

    Black hole transients

    Black hole transients. Bulletin of the Astronomical Society of India , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1109.3388 , archivePrefix =. 1109.3388 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.48550/arxiv.1109.3388

  78. [78]

    X-Ray Variability Coherence: How to Compute it, What it Means, and How it Constrains Models of Cyg X-1 and GX 339-4

    X-Ray Variability Coherence: How to Compute It, What It Means, and How It Constrains Models of GX 339-4 and Cygnus X-1. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/310430 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9610257 , primaryClass =

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1086/310430

  79. [79]

    H., Marshall, P

    Investigating a fluctuating-accretion model for the spectral-timing properties of accreting black hole systems. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.09989.x , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0512394 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.09989.x 2006

  80. [80]

    Nature Astronomy , keywords =

    Discovery of oscillations above 200 keV in a black hole X-ray binary with Insight-HXMT. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1192-2 , archivePrefix =. 2009.10607 , primaryClass =

    work page doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1192-2 2009

Showing first 80 references.