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arxiv: 2606.25513 · v1 · pith:DFHG22LBnew · submitted 2026-06-24 · ✦ hep-ph

Disentangling Dark Gauge Symmetries with Deep Learning on the Lund Jet Plane

Jinmian Li , Junle Pei , Rao Zhang This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-25 20:57 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-ph
keywords dark gauge symmetryparton showerLund jet planedeep learningjet substructuredark matterMonte Carlo simulationMamba network
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0 comments X

The pith

A neural network trained on the Lund jet plane can distinguish the perturbative radiation patterns of different dark gauge symmetries.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper builds a Monte Carlo parton-shower generator that works for any gauge group by tagging color dipoles through group theory and solving the exact three-body kinematic equations at each branching. Events are recorded in the Lund jet plane and passed to a dedicated Mamba-based neural sorter that learns to identify which gauge group produced the observed emissions. The sorter maintains high accuracy even after hard infrared k_T cuts remove soft radiation, showing that the classification does not rely on unknown details of dark hadronization. If the method holds, collider measurements of jet substructure could directly constrain the gauge structure of a hidden sector.

Core claim

The authors construct a parton-shower algorithm applicable to arbitrary gauge groups that uses a group-theoretic procedure to build color dipoles and an analytic solution of the cubic kinematic equation to generate exact three-body phase space. This yields precise mass-induced gaps and dead-cone boundaries for both dark quarks and gluons. The resulting emissions are represented in the Lund jet plane and classified by a Neural Sorter Mamba Network, which achieves robust separation of different gauge symmetries that survives stringent infrared k_T cutoffs and is only mildly degraded by massive dark gauge bosons.

What carries the argument

Neural Sorter Mamba Network applied to Lund jet plane representations generated by a generalized dipole parton shower with group-theoretic tagging and exact three-body kinematics.

If this is right

  • Classification efficiencies remain high when stringent infrared k_T cutoffs suppress non-perturbative contributions.
  • The impact of massive dark gauge bosons on classification sensitivity can be quantified directly from the simulation.
  • The same dipole-tagging and cubic-equation solver works for any gauge group without case-by-case adjustments.
  • Discrimination power is stable against variations in the unknown non-perturbative modeling of dark hadronization.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same jet-plane representation and network architecture could be applied to separate other beyond-Standard-Model radiation patterns at hadron colliders.
  • If the gauge-group discrimination is confirmed, it supplies an independent handle that can be combined with missing-energy or resonance searches to narrow dark-sector models.
  • Extending the framework to include initial-state radiation or multiple dark partons would test whether the method still isolates the gauge symmetry.

Load-bearing premise

The distinct radiation patterns from different gauge groups remain distinguishable after the dipole construction and exact kinematics are applied, and the network extracts those patterns rather than simulation-specific artifacts.

What would settle it

Classification accuracy falling to random guessing when the same events are regenerated with an independent hadronization model or when the network is tested on real collider data instead of simulation.

read the original abstract

While dark sectors with new confining gauge symmetries are compelling candidates for resolving the dark matter mystery, discerning the underlying dark gauge group structure remains a significant phenomenological challenge. In this work, we systematically investigate the distinct radiation patterns of dark quarks and gluons by developing a novel Monte Carlo parton shower simulation framework applicable to arbitrary gauge groups. To handle generalized color topologies and the momentum recoil scheme, our algorithm constructs color dipoles using a group-theoretic tagging procedure. Furthermore, our simulation framework employs an exact three-body phase-space parameterization by analytically solving the cubic kinematic equation for each branching. This enables capturing full mass effects for both dark quarks and dark gluons, naturally yielding precise boundaries including mass-induced gaps and dead-cone thresholds. To decode these complex emission topologies, we utilize the Lund Jet Plane representation alongside a dedicated Neural Sorter Mamba Network. We demonstrate that our framework can successfully disentangle the perturbative footprints of different gauge symmetries. Finally, we show that our discrimination power remains robust against the unknown non-perturbative details of dark hadronization by maintaining high classification efficiencies even under stringent infrared $k_T$ cutoffs, and we explicitly quantify the impact of massive dark gauge bosons on the classification sensitivity.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The manuscript develops a Monte Carlo parton-shower framework for dark sectors with arbitrary confining gauge groups. It constructs color dipoles via a group-theoretic tagging procedure, employs an exact three-body phase-space parameterization that solves the cubic kinematic equation at each branching, projects the resulting emissions onto the Lund Jet Plane, and classifies the underlying gauge symmetry with a Neural Sorter Mamba Network. The central claims are that the method successfully disentangles perturbative footprints of different gauge groups and that classification efficiencies remain high even after stringent infrared k_T cutoffs that model unknown non-perturbative hadronization.

Significance. If the reported discrimination performance is confirmed by the numerical results, the framework would supply a concrete, simulation-based handle on an otherwise inaccessible aspect of dark-sector model building. The technical elements—generalized dipole construction, analytic three-body kinematics that incorporate mass gaps and dead-cone effects, and the Lund-plane representation—are directly relevant to ongoing efforts to extract gauge-group information from jet substructure at the LHC and future colliders.

minor comments (3)
  1. [Results] The abstract states that 'high classification efficiencies' are maintained under IR cutoffs, yet the main text should include explicit numerical values, ROC curves, and comparison baselines (e.g., against simpler networks or analytic observables) in a dedicated results section to allow quantitative assessment.
  2. [Methods] The description of the Neural Sorter Mamba Network architecture, training dataset composition, and hyper-parameter choices is only sketched; a concise table or appendix listing layer dimensions, loss function, and regularization would improve reproducibility.
  3. [Figures] Figure captions and axis labels in the Lund-plane plots should explicitly state the k_T cutoff values and the gauge groups being compared so that the robustness claim can be read off the figures without cross-referencing the text.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of our manuscript on the generalized parton-shower framework for dark gauge groups and the Lund-plane classification with the Mamba network. The report recommends minor revision but lists no specific major comments, so we have no points requiring rebuttal or clarification at this stage. We will incorporate any minor editorial suggestions in the revised version.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No significant circularity; framework is self-contained simulation + classifier

full rationale

The paper constructs a new parton-shower algorithm (group-theoretic dipoles + exact three-body kinematics) and trains a Mamba network on Lund-plane images to classify gauge groups. No equation or result is shown to reduce by construction to a fitted parameter, a self-citation, or an ansatz imported from the authors' prior work. The claimed discrimination power is an empirical output of the Monte Carlo + network pipeline rather than a mathematical identity. This matches the default expectation of a non-circular computational study.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

Abstract-only review prevents exhaustive identification of free parameters or ad-hoc choices; the framework appears to rest on standard perturbative branching assumptions generalized via group theory and on the exact solvability of three-body kinematics.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption Perturbative radiation patterns for quarks and gluons can be generalized from QCD to other gauge groups using group-theoretic color tagging and dipole construction.
    Invoked to justify the Monte Carlo framework for arbitrary gauge groups.
  • domain assumption Exact analytic solution of the cubic kinematic equation for three-body phase space captures all mass effects including gaps and dead cones.
    Stated as enabling precise boundaries in the simulation.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5743 in / 1512 out tokens · 36848 ms · 2026-06-25T20:57:47.312368+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

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Reference graph

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