Origin of Magnetic Fields in the Universe Due to Nonminimal Gravitational-Electromagnetic Coupling

Basically the only existing theories for the creation of a magnetic field B in the Universe are the creation of a seed field of order 10^{-20} G in spiral galaxy which is subsequently supposedly amplified up to the observed 10^{-6} - 10^{-5} G by a dynamo process or a seed intergalactic field of magnitude 10^{-12} - 10^{-10} G which is amplified by collapse and differential rotation. No satisfactory dynamo theory, however, exists today. We show that a 10^{-6} - 10^{-5} G magnetic field in spiral galaxies is directly obtained from a nonminimal gravitational-electromagnetic coupling, without the need of significant dynamo amplification.