Fluctuation Theorem for Hamiltonian Systems - Le Chatelier's Principle

For thermostatted dissipative systems the Fluctuation Theorem gives an analytical expression for the ratio of probabilities that the time averaged entropy production in a finite system observed for a finite time, takes on a specified value compared to the negative of that value. Hitherto it had been thought that the presence of some thermostatting mechanism was an essential component of any system which satisfies a Fluctuation Theorem. In the present paper we show that a Fluctuation Theorem can be derived for purely Hamiltonian systems, with or without applied dissipative fields.