Spintronics and Quantum Computing: Switching Mechanisms for Qubits

Quantum computing and quantum communication are remarkable examples of new information processing technologies that arise from the coherent manipulation of spins in nanostructures. We review our theoretical proposal for using electron spins in quantum-confined nanostructures as qubits. We present single- and two-qubit gate mechanisms in laterally as well as vertically coupled quantum dots and discuss the possibility to couple spins in quantum dots via exchange or superexchange. In addition, we propose a new stationary wave switch, which allows to perform quantum operations with quantum dots or spin-1/2 molecules placed on a 1D or 2D lattice.