Quantification of Sleep Fragmentation Through the Analysis of Sleep-Stage Transitions

We introduce new quantitative approaches to study sleep-stage transitions with the goal of addressing the two following questions: (i) Can the new approaches provide more information on the structure of sleep-stage transitions? (ii) How does sleep fragmentation in patients with sleep apnea affect the structure of sleep-stage transitions? Our new results show that the distribution of sleep and wake duration have different functional forms, indicating fundamental differences in the dynamics between sleep and wake control. The difference remains even in the fragmented sleep of sleep apnea. The fragmentation of sleep in sleep apnea results in a shorter wake duration and interrupts the structure of sleep-stage transitions of sleep apnea subjects, causing the loss of certain particular transition paths.