Single-electron charging of self-assembled InAs quantum dots

The many-particle ground state and excitations of self-assembled InAs quantum dots are investigated using far-infrared (FIR) and capacitance spectroscopy. The contributions of quantization and charging energies to the $n$--electron energy spectrum are determined. For $n = 1$, 2, we find good agreement with a parabolic model; for higher filling, the Coulomb interaction reveals itself not only in the capacitance, but also in the FIR excitations