Theory of tunnelling into and from cuprates

A single-particle spectral density is proposed for cuprates taking into account the bipolaron formation, realistic band structure, thermal fluctuations and disorder. Tunnelling and photoemission (PES) spectra are described, including the temperature independent gap observed both in the superconducting and normal states, the emission/injection asymmetry, the finite zero-bias conductance, the spectral shape in the gap region and its temperature and doping dependence, dip-hump incoherent asymmetric features at high voltage (tunnelling) and large binding energy (PES).