Relativistically invariant analysis of polarization effects in exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration process

A general formalism for the calculation of the differential cross section and polarization observables, for the process of deuteron electrodisintegration, is developed in the framework of relativistic impulse approximation. A detailed analysis of the general structure of the differential cross section and polarization observables for the $e^-+d\to e^-+n+p$ reaction is derived, using the formalism of the structure functions. The obtained expressions have a general nature and they hold in the one--photon--exchange mechanism, assuming P--invariance of the hadron electromagnetic interaction. The model of relativistic impulse approximation is introduced and the final state interaction is taken into account by means of the unitarization of the helicity amplitudes. A detailed description of the unitarization procedure is also presented. Using different parametrizations of the deuteron wave functions, the following polarization observables are calculated in the kinematical region of quasi--elastic deuteron electrodisintegration: the asymmetry for the scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons on a polarized deuteron target, the proton and neutron polarizations (for longitudinally polarized electron beam or vector--polarized deuteron target). The sensitivity to the neutron electric form factor is also thorougly investigated. The predictions of the model are compared with the results of recent polarization measurements and a good agreement with the existing experimental data has been obtained.