The Interpretation of Rapidity Gaps at Hera

In leading twist deep inelastic $ep$ scattering, the virtual photon interaction is fast compared to the time scale of soft color rearrangement. We compare the Pomeron exchange model, in which a neutral cluster is preformed, with a gluon exchange model, in which color is exchanged after the hard interaction. We find several features of the DIS data and of data on exclusive hard processes that favor a gluon exchange scenario. If correct, the postulate of soft color interactions between the produced ($q\bar q$) system and the target has important implications for other processes. In particular, this may explain the puzzles of charmonium hadroproduction.