A {bf Z}₂ Origin for B+L Violation in the Hot Electroweak Theory

Minos Axenides , Andrei Johansen , Holger Bech Nielsen , Ola T\"ornkvist

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classification ✦ hep-ph

keywords configurationsbehaviorelectroweakmultisphaleronspure-gaugestringstheoryviolation

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The space of static finite-energy configurations of the electroweak theory admits a ${\bf Z}_{2}$ topological structure. Odd-parity configurations with odd pure-gauge behavior at spatial infinity (S sphaleron, W-Z strings, multisphalerons) mediate rapid $B+L$ violation in the Early Universe. Configurations with even pure-gauge behavior (S$^{*}$ sphalerons, W-Z strings, multisphalerons) are trivial and topologically equivalent to the vacuum.

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A {bf Z}₂ Origin for B+L Violation in the Hot Electroweak Theory

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