The Classical Approximation for Real-Time Scalar Field Theory at Finite Temperature

The use of classical thermal field to approximate real-time quantum thermal field theory is discussed. For a \lambda\phi^4 theory, it is shown that the classical Rayleigh-Jeans divergence can be canceled with the appropriate counterterms, and a comparison is made between the classical and quantum perturbative expansion. It is explained why Hard Thermal Loops prevent the same method to work for gauge theories.