Scales and Phases of Non-Perturbative QCD

This is a short write-up of lectures at UK Theory Institute, Swansea UK, Sept.99; and XVII School ``QCD: Perturbative or Non-perturbative?'' Lisbon,Portugal, Oct.99. The covered topic include (i) discussion of the scales at which perturbative description should be changed by the non-perturbative one. A number of various examples are considered, leading to different scales, related to instantons or confinement effects; (ii) Instanton vacuum as an Instanton Liquid; (iii) The phase diagram of QCD at finite temperature and density, and especially description of a recent progress in Color Superconductivity.