Pion mass difference from vacuum polarization

We calculate the electromagnetic contribution to the pion mass difference, $\Delta m^2_\pi=m^2_{\pi^+}-m^2_{\pi^0}$, in the chiral limit through the $VV-AA$ type vacuum polarization using Das-Guralnik-Mathur-Low-Young (DGMLY) sum rule. The calculation is made with two-flavors of dynamical overlap fermions on a $16^3\times 32$ lattice at $a\sim$0.12 fm. The exact chiral symmetry of the overlap fermion is essential to control the systematic error in the difference $VV-AA$. We obtain $\Delta m_\pi^2 = 1024(100) {\rm MeV^2}$ combining the lattice data with the perturbative contribution in the high momentum region evaluated by the operator product expansion. By analyzing the momentum dependence of the vacuum polarization, we also obtain pion decay constant $f_\pi$ and the low-energy constants $L_{10}^r$ in the chiral limit.