Operation of a double-phase pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber: comparison of single and double phase operation

A.Badertscher; A.Marchionni; A.Rubbia; D.Lussi; F.Resnati; G.Natterer; L.Knecht; M.Laffranchi; P.Otiougova; T.Viant

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Operation of a double-phase pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber: comparison of single and double phase operation

A.Badertscher, L.Knecht, M.Laffranchi, D.Lussi, A.Marchionni, G.Natterer, P.Otiougova, F.Resnati

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A.Rubbia, T.Viant

Instrumentation and Detectors · Submitted 16 Jul 2009

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We believe that this proof of principle represents an important milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.

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arXiv ID0907.2944 (version 1)

Pith IDX4JGIY3A, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review

CitationA.Badertscher, A.Marchionni, A.Rubbia, D.Lussi, F.Resnati, G.Natterer, L.Knecht, M.Laffranchi, P.Otiougova, T.Viant. "Operation of a double-phase pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber: comparison of single and double phase operation." arXiv:0907.2944 (2009). https://pith.science/paper/X4JGIY3A

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.07 · states limitation 0.66 · human participants 0.02 · controlled comparison 0.17 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.74 · compares with prior results 0.29 · mentions code or data availability 0.02.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

We constructed and operated a double phase (liquid-vapour) pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber (LAr LEM-TPC) with a sensitive area of 10x10 cm$^2$ and up to 30 cm of drift length. The LEM is a macroscopic hole electron multiplier built with standard PCB techniques: drifting electrons are extracted from the liquid to the vapour phase and driven into the holes of the LEM where the multiplication occurs. Moving charges induce a signal on the anode and on the LEM electrodes. The orthogonally segmented upper face of the upper LEM and anode permit the reconstruction of X-Y spatial coordinates of ionizing events. The detector is equipped with a Photo Multiplier Tube immersed in liquid for triggering the ionizing events and an argon purification circuit to ensure long drift paths. Cosmic muon tracks have been recorded and further characterization of the detector is ongoing. We believe that this proof of principle represents an important milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	We constructed and operated a double phase (liquid-vapour) pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber (LAr LEM-TPC) with a sensitive area of 10x10 cm$^2$ and up to 30 cm of drift length.	contribution 0.69	0.97	0.05	asserted 1.00
s1	The LEM is a macroscopic hole electron multiplier built with standard PCB techniques: drifting electrons are extracted from the liquid to the vapour phase and driven into the holes of the LEM where the multiplication occurs.	method 0.98	0.37	0.03	asserted 1.00
s2	Moving charges induce a signal on the anode and on the LEM electrodes.	method 0.99	0.29	0.02	asserted 1.00
s3	The orthogonally segmented upper face of the upper LEM and anode permit the reconstruction of X-Y spatial coordinates of ionizing events.	method 0.99	0.72	0.03	asserted 1.00
s4	The detector is equipped with a Photo Multiplier Tube immersed in liquid for triggering the ionizing events and an argon purification circuit to ensure long drift paths.	method 0.99	0.85	0.03	asserted 1.00
s5	Cosmic muon tracks have been recorded and further characterization of the detector is ongoing.	result 0.86	0.95	0.05	asserted 1.00
s6	We believe that this proof of principle represents an important milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.	interpretation 0.99	0.23	0.77	hedged possibility 0.37

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: method or tool 0.60 · evidence from observation or experiment 1.00.

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arXiv listing abstract v1

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full text
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T body sentences
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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper

Original abstract

We constructed and operated a double phase (liquid-vapour) pure argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber (LAr LEM-TPC) with a sensitive area of 10x10 cm$^2$ and up to 30 cm of drift length. The LEM is a macroscopic hole electron multiplier built with standard PCB techniques: drifting electrons are extracted from the liquid to the vapour phase and driven into the holes of the LEM where the multiplication occurs. Moving charges induce a signal on the anode and on the LEM electrodes. The orthogonally segmented upper face of the upper LEM and anode permit the reconstruction of X-Y spatial coordinates of ionizing events. The detector is equipped with a Photo Multiplier Tube immersed in liquid for triggering the ionizing events and an argon purification circuit to ensure long drift paths. Cosmic muon tracks have been recorded and further characterization of the detector is ongoing. We believe that this proof of principle represents an important milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.

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14 arXiv papers cite this in 25 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers whose main result relates to this one's

Found among the papers closest to this one by title and main claim. Pith's classifier compared each pair's main results and a second model family confirmed the relation; checked against two further families, shown conflicts agreed 118 times in 120 and shown same results 218 times in 239. The quoted sentence is the other paper's main claim.

States the same result 1 paper

We believe that this proof of principle represents an important milestone in the realization of very large, long drift (cost-effective) LAr detectors for next generation neutrino physics and proton decay experiments, as well as for direct search of Dark Matter with imaging devices.

Construction and operation of a Double Phase LAr Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber · 0.89

Papers citing it · 17 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 3 papers

The readout of the charge relies on the novel Large Electron Multiplier (LEM) technique: LAr LEM-TPCs operate in double phase with charge extraction and amplification in the vapor phase [ref] .

Giant Liquid Argon Observatory for Proton Decay, Neutrino Astrophysics and CP-violation in the Lepton Sector (GLACIER) · The GLACIER detector concept · 0.88
(See Ref. [ref] for details on the purification system).

First operation of a double phase LAr Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber with a two-dimensional projective readout anode · Operation in double phase liquid Argon · 0.85
At the interface, the electrons are extracted to the gas phase and accelerated towards the Large Electron Multiplier (LEM [ref] or THGEM [ref] ), which provides multiplication and position reconstruction by a segmented anode.

First results on light readout from the 1-ton ArDM liquid argon detector for dark matter searches · Detector · 0.91

Compares with it 1 paper

From a visual inspection, the effective gain of the readout is above 15 for best field configurations, consistent with results obtained on the smaller detector prototype having an active area of 10 $×$ 10 cm$^2$ [ref] .

First operation and drift field performance of a large area double phase LAr Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber with an immersed Greinacher high-voltage multiplier · Drift velocity and uniformity based on ionizing tracks measurements · 0.98

Cites it as support 2 papers

This significantly improves the event reconstruction quality with a lower energy deposition threshold and a better resolution per volumetric pixel (voxel) compared to a conventional single-phase LAr TPC [ref] .

Future liquid Argon detectors · Double phase readout: the LAr LEM TPC · 0.98
Both [ref] and [ref] stress the importance of purifying or removing the argon gas during the initial phase of the detector cooling, because it is possibly contaminated by outgassing.

R&D for Future 100 kton Scale Liquid Argon Detectors · Argon purity · 0.96

Cites it as background 1 paper

The double phase Liquid Argon Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber (LAr LEM TPC) is a 3D tracking and calorimetric device which offers many advantages [ref] .

Performance study of the effective gain of the double phase liquid Argon LEM Time Projection Chamber · Introduction · 0.98

What it cites · 3 sentences without a confident label

Cites as background 1 paper

The interested reader can find a complete description of the experimental apparatus in [ref] .

Construction and operation of a Double Phase LAr Large Electron Multiplier Time Projection Chamber · Detector description · 0.91

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